Theories of Criminal Behavior

While assessing the elements of both the strain and control hypotheses one must factor into their investigation the sub-classes of every hypothesis and how they add to the general range of wrongdoing, discipline, and social control. The accompanying assessment comprises of those assessments that comprise of the shifting types of both the strain and control speculations of wrongdoing; including the qualities and shortcomings of every point of view, the exact legitimacy of each, and the general repercussions for wrongdoing counteraction. Strain Theories Frustration.This is the establishment for the plenty of strain hypotheses that incorporate the criminological and hypothetical world (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 110). The fundamental reason of the hypothesis follows its underlying foundations back to Robert K. Merton. Disappointment to meet social orders desires as far as progress, (Specifically, financial riches), is an essential supporter of criminal conduct. Moreover, the inconsistent harmon y between the objectives of gaining this â€Å"wealth,† and the methods by which one tries to accomplish this end is portrayed by Merton as a â€Å"anomie. Basically, it isn't so much how one gain’s riches; it is just of essential significance that one does in reality accomplish it, by whatever implies conceivable (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 112). Merton accepted that America’s interest with procuring riches at any expense is an immediate connect to the strain hypothesis. Notwithstanding, Merton likewise accepted that every individual experienced strain in an unexpected way. He contemplated that every individual encountering the strain, managed it inside the idea of five variations.The five varieties or adaptions to strain comprise of congruity, formality, trend-setters, retreatism, and disobedience (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 112-113). Adjustments to strain-Five varieties Conformity, according to the strain hypothesis, alludes to individuals who use conventional methods by wh ich to achieve their objectives of material obtaining (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 112). Ritualists, the second adaption to the strain hypothesis, alludes to those don't wish to increase fiscal bounty or wealth. In any case, similar to traditionalists, they do structure their lives in a way that is conventional.They make the most of their occupations, and their typical regular daily existences, yet they don't forcefully look to go into a higher echelon of monetary status (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 113). Trend-setters are believed to be the well on the way to search out and carry on with an existence of wrongdoing (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 113). Trailblazers wish to accomplish cash and wealth, however need no piece of the regular or customary strategies for accomplishing this end. They don't want to make a solid effort to accomplish their objectives. Rather, they search for approaches to evade the ordinary or customary procedures of training and hard work.This doesn't generally incorporate wrongdoing, as one may at first think. Numerous designers and business visionaries fit the class of â€Å"innovator. † For instance, the organizers of Google, Yahoo, and other web internet searcher sites are trend-setters. Competitors who sign rewarding agreements are likewise viewed as trend-setters. These people are not part of the criminal populace they basically look to discover changed approaches to accomplish similar objectives of the customary gatherings. Then again, there are trend-setters who take part in exercises, for example, managing drugs, ransacking banks, taking vehicles, and so on. Tibbetts, 2012, p. 112). These people speak to the opposite finish of the pioneer condition. At last, retreatism and resistance balance the last two arrangements of the adjustments to the strain hypothesis. Retreatists, similar to pioneers, don't embrace the â€Å"normal† ideas of difficult work and training; neither do they wish to accomplish the finish of money related riches. All types of reteatists try to vanish from society totally not getting tied up with its objectives or strategies (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 113). Ultimately, disobedience is normally thought of as the most charming of the five adjustments to strain.The contrast that relates to this classification of people is the manner by which they see society’s objectives and the methods by which one achieves them. While they become tied up with the idea of objectives and strategies for society, they don't get tied up with the CURRENT social structure and its affiliated thoughts of objectives and means. Rather, they look to make their own social structure by toppling the current structure and supplanting it with one in that adjusts to their thoughts and qualities (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 113). Proof and Criticisms of the Strain TheorySince the establishment of the strain hypothesis was laid by Merton, numerous reactions have surfaced, just as supporting proof. The quality of the hypothesis lies essentially insi de the way that the Merton’s work gave a structure whereby cultural gatherings as a rule are assessed not singular gatherings (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 114). There is additionally the presence of dissipated measures of proof based help that destitution interfaces straightforwardly to wrongdoing (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 114). Backing for the hypothesis seems to get from macrolevel rates (Group paces) of the connection among wrongdoing and neediness (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 12). Pundits of the strain hypothesis refer to different reasons why the hypothesis of strain isn't substantial, or at any rate, defective. One such explanation is the variety of occupations wherein individuals connect with, just as the wide assortment of desires these individuals have as far as what a specific life course may take. While there are numerous hypotheses, both for and against and wherever in the middle of Merton’s strain hypothesis, one can't contend against the quality of its essential reason of desire s versus the way to accomplish those desires, and the shifting degrees of weight this spots upon individuals.Social Control Theory Control hypotheses work under the reason that all people would buy in to hostile to social conduct put something aside for limitations that are set up to make preparations for their own freak propensities (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 152). Essentially, control hypotheses originate from the possibility that all humanity is detestable regarding base character-man must be contained through laws, rules, and restrictions. Despite the fact that not effortlessly tried, the possibility of normal criminal tendencies gets a solid supporting cast by means of late exact evidence.Research has discovered that the vast majority are ‘bent’ towards criminal activities at an early age. A case of the normal propensity towards criminal conduct is shown by a detailed report by Tremblay and LeMarquand (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 153). This investigation found that most childrenâ €™s introverted conduct topped at 27 years old months-especially boy’s conduct (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 153). Other likeminded contemplates have surfaced that additionally offer ascent to this proof relating to withdrawn inclinations Tibbetts, 2012, p. 153). A few other control speculations present themselves inside the domain of criminal behavior.For model, Reiss’s control hypothesis expresses that criminal inclinations were a side-effect of a frail sense of self or superego controls among detained youth (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 157). Be that as it may, Reiss accepted that solid family bonds served to go about as a balance to these feeble personality and super sense of self controls (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 112). Moreover, qualities that an individual either had or didn't have weighed intensely inside the structure of Reiss’s control hypothesis. Instances of individual attributes incorporate, yet are not restricted to, drive limitation, and the capacity to postpone deligh t (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 12). Control points of view are the most bygone, yet most regarded signs and explanations behind criminal activities by people. The fundamental position is that humanity is egotistical and looks for its own delight at any expense. The balancing hindrances to this conduct is established by social approaches and controls that battle and respond to crime and the hypothesis that humankind is malevolent and childish. References Tibbetts, S. G. (2012) Criminological hypothesis: The basics. SAGE distributions, Inc.

Pregnancy Essay Example Sexuality and Teen Pregnancy

Sexuality and Teen Pregnancy The dangers of sexual association for Sally Exploration shows that without contraception, high school young ladies have 90% odds of being pregnant inside a year. Youths like Sally are progressively vulnerable to explicitly transmitted contaminations like Chlamydia, syphilis, herpes, gonorrhea, and even the lethal HIV. This can be credited to monogamy, sex without contraceptives, and determination of accomplices at raised hazard. Furthermore, more youthful females are organically progressively inclined to diseases in examination with more established females. In addition, sexual movement before the physical improvement of body can hugely sting. High school young ladies like Sally who take part in sexual action before turning 18 are increasingly vulnerable to wellbeing risks, for example, cervical malignant growth. In particular, the enthusiastic injury endured by youngsters when left by their accomplice drives them towards monogamy. This can demonstrate much more genuinely and sincerely distressing (Belsky, 2010). She ought t o be urged to utilize contraceptives; in any case, now and again contraceptives like spermicides can raise the danger of coming down with explicitly transmitted sicknesses. Finally, at an opportune time sexual movement has incredibly quickened issues of psychological well-being, disappointment, low self-esteem, blame, sadness. This thus supports immature personal connections; along these lines, the vicious cycle flourishes. Definitive child rearing practices and outcomes if the cutoff points are not followed I would expressly outline social and cultural standards that we regard and anticipate that Sally should comply with. All the more critically, an immediate one on one talk with youngsters can get out any confusions from deception from peers. Standard talks concentrated on sharing and stressing qualities will likewise fill in as a correspondence channel and help the youngster to trust in guardians. Since, Sally is explicitly dynamic and has had chances to engage in sexual relations, so it is critical to think about her whereabouts, and even that of her companions. It is crucial to build up a positive relationship with youngsters and to watch out for what they do in their extra time. On a progressively exacting side, high and reachable scholastic desires ought to be set up. Studies have demonstrated that youngsters who are resolved to contemplates are less powerless to hostile to social conduct, for example, high school sex, medications, liquor, and so forth. Subsequently, a high scholarly desire ought to be built up and aspirations ought to be continually stressed. She should be plainly helped to remember the non-debatable standards, time limitation timings, and desires as she has been remaining out late. In the event that, she doesn't hold fast to these, she ought to be rebuffed. She should be urged to join bunch exercises and avoid one-on-one dating in her initial youngsters. Unconstructive media pictures that advance early sexuality ought to be severely decried. Physical and intense subject matter liable to be imperative to Sallys physical and psychological well-being Explicitly dynamic teenagers are stood up to with social and enthusiastic situations because of pubescence. Albeit, pubertal changes happen prior in females like Sally; be that as it may, high schooler young ladies have not built up the enthusiastic development to be given sole duty regarding their sexual conduct. Adolescents like Sally frequently mistake sexual joy for affection. In the not too distant future, the sexual closeness results in incredible passionate injury. Young ladies are considerably progressively defenseless against encountering enthusiastic breakdown. In addition, contemplates have uncovered that explicitly dynamic youngsters are more inclined to medication and liquor use than virgin adolescents. Medications dazzle them incidentally; subsequently making it simpler to enjoy sexual movement. In this manner, other than sexual wellbeing dangers, medications can likewise unfavorably influence Sally’s physical wellbeing. Sallys requirement for self-sufficiency in her advancement of moral obligation Sally ought to be urged to distinguish issues, underlying drivers, and think about over plausible results. This self-sufficiency will urge her to verbalize slants, and utilize exchange more beneficial approaches to manage high school issues. Setting trust and obligation in her will raise her confidence and urge her to take an increasingly develop point of view. By and by, Sally is as yet a minor so guardians despite everything have a good and legitimate commitment to manage her; consequently, they ought to expect the job of experts. Its Time We Did Your Assignment Can’t stand by to get notification from you. We are hanging tight for your call with you saying, â€Å"do task for me.† Talk to us.

Comparing Judgment Day in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and O’Conno

Day of atonement in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and O’Connor’s Revelation Humankind is tormented by pride. People continually contrast themselves with each other and modify their pride as indicated by their perception of themselves in their general surroundings. The individuals who have confidence in a the great beyond frequently consolidate their perspective on themselves and their ethical quality into their view of how they will be decided in the hereafter. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Flannery O’Connor, as authors and adherents to the Christian religion, depict two characters that imagine how they will be decided on day of atonement. In â€Å"Dostoevskian Vision in Flannery O’Connor’s ‘Revelation,’† Norman McMillan successfully contends that O’Connor’s â€Å"Revelation† and the section about Marmeladov’s vision in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment share striking similitudes in their subjects and the encounters of their characters. So as to adequately draw the likenesses of the two subjects, McMillan underpins his translation of the topic by precisely describing Marmeladov and laying everything out for Marmeladov’s vision in Part I, Chapter 2 of Crime and Punishment. As a dependable pundit, McMillan must present the subtleties of this section and name the subject so as to contrast it and the topic of â€Å"Revelation.† A rundown of modifiers and activities that describe Marmeladov and a portrayal of Marmeladov’s conditions help the peruser comprehend the topic evident in his vision of â€Å"that day ‘when God will consider forward the favored to be with him in Paradise’† (McMillan 17). Marmeladov is distinguished as a scoundrel in an absolutely down and out position who recognizes his own debasement. McMillan incorporates the real content about Marmeladov’s vision to help his understanding of t... ...genuinely is through a demonstration of viciousness. Bit by bit, as Marmeladov, she understands that on day of atonement, the first will be last and the last will be first. O’Connor and Dostoevsky created two bits of writing that definitely stir their perusers. Every one of their perusers must face their own pride and bias both in relating with the characters’ sentiments and conceding their own sentiment of predominance over these defective characters. Both of these splendid journalists successfully hit their perusers with their mutual thought that it is just by the finesse of God that anybody can be spared. Works Cited McMillan, Norman. Flannery O’Connor Bulletin: Department of English and Speech. Milledgeville, GA: Georgia College, 1987. O’Connor, Flannery. The Complete Stories. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1971. PID 8047 4 Marlow Engl. 12. Organization. 37

The Appeal of Socialism Essay Example For Students

The Appeal of Socialism Essay During the late 1800s and mid 1900s many thousands ofEuropean outsiders relocated to the United States of America. They hadaspirations of achievement, flourishing and their own origination of the AmericanDream. Most of the settlers accepted that their lives wouldcompletely improve and the new world would bring nothing buthappiness. Promotions that showed up in Europe offered a brilliant futureand monetary steadiness to these innocent and cheerful individuals. Occupations withexcellent wages and working conditions, prime wellbeing, and other benefitsseemed like an opportunity in a lifetime to these battling outsiders. Littledid these individuals realize that what they would defy would be the completeantithesis of what they longed for. The colossal surge of European migrants experienced a need ofjobs. The individuals who were sufficiently fortunate to discover work twisted up infactories, steel factories, or in the meat pressing industry. Jurgis Rudkus wasone fo these dissapointed immigrants.A sweeper in butcher house, heexperienced the repulsive conditions which workers encounteredAlongwith these nightmarish working conditions, they worked for ostensible wages,inflexible and extended periods of time, in a climate where laborer wellbeing had nopersuasion. At an early stage, there was nobody for these migrants to go to, somany endured enormously. Jurgis would later learn of laborer associations andother gatherings to help the work power, yet the early long periods of hisAmericanized life were filled, with cut fingers, joblessness andoverall a discouraging and agonizing new beginning. Sinclair, has appeared in an emotional style the hardships andobastacles which Jurgis and individual laborers needed to persevere. He made theworkers sound so vulnerable and the condtions so greusome, that the readeralmost needs an exit plan for Jurgis. Sinclairs The Jungle is a subliminalform of purposeful publicity for Socialism. At once in our countries history wherethe rich were extremely well off, and the poor were peniless, Sinclairsportrayal of communism concerning the worker is exceptionally speaking to ajobless, eager, impoverished man. Sinclairs vision of communism, wasnt as immaculate and beneficialas it appeared. In spite of the fact that it gave the laborers some inspiration to fill in as wellas the might it be able to was an endeavor to commonize the regular workers. The Marxisttheory of socialism originated from the belief systems showed by communism. The majority of the populace were constrained by a little world class. Sinclairwas a devotee to communism, and Jurgis was an individual from the gathering. Butfortunately for todays working power, the idea and potential danger ofsocialism was smothered before it could make a perpetual sign of Americansociety.

Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Setting Essay

1.1 Define what is implied by: Assorted variety Fairness Consideration Separation Assorted variety †is implied by recognizing that every individual is extraordinary and perceiving singular contrasts, For instance culture, capacity, sex, race, religion, sexual direction, or some other individual trademark. Balance †is reasonable treatment and access open doors for all paying little heed to contrasts like their capacity, culture, race, sex, religion, sexual direction, or some other gathering trademark. Incorporation †is to grasp all individuals paying little heed to race, sex, age, capacity and so forth its about recognising that we are one and not no different and to have a feeling of having a place. Separation †is an unjustifiable or inconsistent treatment of an individual or gathering on the grounds old enough, sexual orientation, capacity, race and so on its being burdened or barred in a similar circumstance. 1.2 Describe how immediate or aberrant segregation may happen in the work setting Direct separation may happen if a worker isn't considered for an advancement due to age or a vocation is declined to an individual due to their handicap. Circuitous segregation may happen when representatives are demanded to do evenings moves as this could bar the individuals who have youngsters for or by not making sensible modifications at work could bar those representatives with an incapacity. 1.3 Explain how rehearses that help assorted variety, equity, consideration reduceâ the probability of segregation Practices that help decent variety, correspondence and incorporation to lessen the probability of separation may incorporate urging everybody to communicate their perspectives and have them tuned in to which in turns help us to regard and commend people groups contrasts, Promoting great practices and esteeming their singularity empowering them to be completely included in their own lives as well as everybody around them. 2.1 rundown key enactment and codes of work on identifying with assorted variety, fairness, incorporation and separation in grown-up social consideration setting Current enactment and codes of training : Equity act 2010 Human rights act 1998 Basic measures GSCC Code of training Defending powerless gatherings act 2006 2.2 Describe how to associate with people in a comprehensive manner Associating with people in a comprehensive manner, empowering the person to be completely engaged with their every day life and making the individual happy with, being conscious and earnest consistently, being available to a people needs, view and convictions , wishes and culture likewise taking a certifiable enthusiasm for the person. 2.3 Describe manners by which segregation might be tested in grown-up social consideration setting Approaches to challenge segregation, to not endure any type of separation and making prompt move when segregation happens, enabling people to challenge segregation themselves when it happens, recording and detailing completely all occurrences of separation that happens, giving data, codes of training or arrangement that clarifies unfair practices that must not happen additionally giving preparing to help make everybody mindful of how to forestall and challenge separation. 3.1 Identify wellsprings of data, counsel and backing about assorted variety, equity, incorporation and segregation Step by step instructions to recognize wellsprings of data about decent variety, balance, incorporation and segregation is taking a gander at the codes of training and approaches and systems, likewise my line administrator or care co-ordinator (eg senior) or people themselves, masters guidance eg human rights and uniformity commission, associations and good cause eg age uk. 3.2 Describe how and when to get to data, guidance and backing about decent variety, equity, incorporation and segregation The most effective method to get to data, there are different ways acquiring data on assorted variety, uniformity , consideration and separation. you can get to government sites that rundown all the present enactment set up to secure the privileges of people. You can get flyers to provide for people educating them regarding mine and their privileges. I additionally can contact certain foundations, for example, age uk, who can flexibly materials to distribute to my inhabitants on assorted variety, equity, consideration and segregation, likewise my nearby residents counsel agency will have a few flyers When to get to data on assorted variety, equity, consideration and segregation is beginning work in a wellbeing and social consideration setting or when explanation is required. at the point when you are experiencing issues to advance decent variety, balance , incorporation and separation and if an individual or an associate solicitation or requires more data

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Michael C. Feiner, Columbia Business School

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Michael C. Feiner, Columbia Business School Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand, but the educational experience itself is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we focus on Michael C. Feiner from Columbia Business School. Michael C. Feiner (“High Performance Leadership”) is the former chief people officer of PepsiCo Europe and president/founder of Michael C. Feiner Consulting, Inc. At Columbia Business School, he teaches one of the most popular courses each yearâ€"judging from the number of bidding points students typically need to spend to get a spot in the class (students often use more than half their allotted points for all courses just on this one class)â€"which attracts students of all backgrounds and interests. First years initially meet Feiner during orientation when he presents an ethics case to all incoming students. His teaching style combines case studies, lectures and recent news and journal articles, and he places great emphasis on class participation. Several anecdotes from alumni indicate that Feiner is a stickler for participation and attendanceâ€"one recent alumna with whom mbaMission spoke said he even made one of his past students return to take the course’s final class a yea r after he had graduated because that student had missed the class when he was enrolled. Still, we learned that many students have been known to take Feiner up on his “lifetime guarantee” of professional support. For more information about CBS and 13 other top-ranked business schools, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Columbia University (Columbia Business School) Professor Profiles

Video - Which 529 Plan Is Best for Me

Happy National 529 College Savings Day! Throughout the month of May, youï ¿ ½ve probably been hearing a lot about 529 college plans. Every year during the weeks leading up to 5/29 (529 Day), the college savings industry promotes the benefits of these plans and encourages American families to start saving for future tuition costs. If youï ¿ ½ve been paying attention, you already know that by investing in a 529 plan, your earnings will grow tax-free and your withdrawals will also avoid taxes if they are used toward college expenses. Your state may also be running special promotions for those who enroll in their plans and offer additional state tax incentives. Youï ¿ ½ve also heard that 529 plans are easy to maintain and flexible compared to other types of investments. But with hundreds of different options available, how do you know which plan to choose? As Joe Hurley mentions in the video below, the best 529 plan is the one that will give you the greatest return on your invested dollars, with the least amount of hassle. For example, state tax deductions on contributions are wonderful, except when they come with higher fees and poor investment performance. Itï ¿ ½s also important to understand the functionality of the plan you are considering because things like flexibility of ownership changes vary between different plans. Savingforcollege.com offers a variety of great tools and resources to help you compare 529 plans, some of which you canï ¿ ½t find anywhere else, including: Quarterly plan performance data Fee study showing the 10-year costs of a $10,000 investment A tool that allows you to compare 529 plans by feature or by name If you have specific questions on 529 plans or anything related to planning for college, be sure to join us today at 1:00pm ET for a live Q&A webcast featuring a panel of industry experts including Joe Hurley, Lynne Oï ¿ ½Shaughnessy and Troy Onink. Tara Siegel Bernard from The New York Times will be moderating this one-hour event. Each person who registers will be entered to win a free Amazon T.V. Watch Joe's video to help you choose the right 529 plan! Happy National 529 College Savings Day! Throughout the month of May, youï ¿ ½ve probably been hearing a lot about 529 college plans. Every year during the weeks leading up to 5/29 (529 Day), the college savings industry promotes the benefits of these plans and encourages American families to start saving for future tuition costs. If youï ¿ ½ve been paying attention, you already know that by investing in a 529 plan, your earnings will grow tax-free and your withdrawals will also avoid taxes if they are used toward college expenses. Your state may also be running special promotions for those who enroll in their plans and offer additional state tax incentives. Youï ¿ ½ve also heard that 529 plans are easy to maintain and flexible compared to other types of investments. But with hundreds of different options available, how do you know which plan to choose? As Joe Hurley mentions in the video below, the best 529 plan is the one that will give you the greatest return on your invested dollars, with the least amount of hassle. For example, state tax deductions on contributions are wonderful, except when they come with higher fees and poor investment performance. Itï ¿ ½s also important to understand the functionality of the plan you are considering because things like flexibility of ownership changes vary between different plans. Savingforcollege.com offers a variety of great tools and resources to help you compare 529 plans, some of which you canï ¿ ½t find anywhere else, including: Quarterly plan performance data Fee study showing the 10-year costs of a $10,000 investment A tool that allows you to compare 529 plans by feature or by name If you have specific questions on 529 plans or anything related to planning for college, be sure to join us today at 1:00pm ET for a live Q&A webcast featuring a panel of industry experts including Joe Hurley, Lynne Oï ¿ ½Shaughnessy and Troy Onink. Tara Siegel Bernard from The New York Times will be moderating this one-hour event. Each person who registers will be entered to win a free Amazon T.V. Watch Joe's video to help you choose the right 529 plan!

Ck vs Warnaco Essay - 752 Words

Alexa Tondi Professor Trachtenberg FM324 Section 75A 17 November 2011 Case Study Assignment: Calvin Klein vs. Warnaco Group Inc. On May 30, 2000 The Calvin Klein family filed a lawsuit against Warnaco Group Inc for eighteen counts of trademark infringement, trademark dilution and intentional misrepresentation. Nearly a month later Warnaco answered with a counter suit, denying the major allegations and justifying the dilution to falling within the scope of the two parities licensing agreement. The case study brings forth information regarding fashion retailing, distribution practices and even the licensing practices expected within the marketplace, however as a reader one should keep in mind that during the millennium â€Å"licensing†¦show more content†¦This mutual understanding is what was portrayed within an agreement between the two parties and what worked toward success over the next forty years. This case study touches on many topics within licensing but the three most dominant aspects within the Warnaco Group vs. Calvin Klein suit are the agreements and understandings discussed with a contrac t, the rights to a trademark and the rights of both the licensor and the licensee. While briefing this case study one can not help but notice, stated on page 21, the agreements that are displayed in exhibit 1: Excerpts from Calvin Klein Jeanswear Licensing Agreement. Here it is clear that the agreement, signed by BOTH parties, states that Warnaco agrees to maximize the quantity of Articles sold, and will be consistent with CKI’s past practices. One can assume, that due to the prolonged history between the two parties this includes Costco, Sam’s Club and BJs store, which alone were held responsible for 150 million dollars in warehouse sales, just one year prior to the filing of the lawsuit. It is also important to point out that this licensing agreement is not with CKI as the owner, it is in fact a licensing agreement with the CK Trademark Trust being the beneficial owner to ALL rights, titles and interest in or to the Licensed Mark. The licensing agreement then continu es to state that â€Å"Warnaco controls any such act or thing which may cause any affect to the Trust.† With the understanding of licensing,

The Absurdity Of The Victorian Upper Class Society

Nora Abushaaban Marietta Reber EWRT 2z November 25, 2016 The Absurdity of the Victorian Upper-Class Society Sans irony, the title of the play, The Importance of Being Earnest - A Trivial Comedy for Serious People, by Oscar Wilde probably would have been called â€Å"The Insignificance of Being Earnest.† This is because throughout the play all the major characters lied and were not the least bit earnest. This comedy is a satire on the mannerisms of the Victorian upper-class society in the late 1800s. As it is a satire, Wilde’s intent was to poke fun at the aristocrats of his time by exaggerating their behavior to criticize how substanceless their lifestyles were. Wilde incorporates various elements of literature including genre, symbolism, and characterization to challenge the Victorian upper class’ arrogant lifestyle. They key literary device Wilde used to popularize his critique of the Victorian upper-class was genre. As this was a play, the genre would fall under drama. This type of drama was specifically known as a farce: a comedic dramatic work with absurd events. This play was a comedy in the traditional sense because it is a satire with a happy ending, as well is in the modern definition in that it is humorous. â€Å"Inseparable from any definition of satire is its corrective purpose, expressed through a critical mode which ridicules or otherwise attacks those conditions needing reformation in the opinion of the satirist† (Harris). In this case the satirist would be Wilde.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde980 Words   |  4 Pageshypocrisy. Set in Victorian England, the two bachelors, Algernon and Jack, fight over which one of them will take the name Ernest in order to win their own girl. Wilde circumvents conventionalism and employs superior satirical st rategy to not only teach the importance of being earnest, a characteristic held dear by Victorian society, but he also chastises his world for the hypocrisy between man and woman and between upper and lower classes. Earnest does more than criticize Victorian society: the play remainsRead MoreThe Significance Of Being Earnest, By Oscar Wilde1305 Words   |  6 Pagesexaggeration around a core of society.† Satire exposes the absurdity embedded in society through exaggerated extremes of social norms. Satire is the hyperbolic expressions of absurdity, which provides clarity through sarcasm and offensive exaggerations to project a society’s ethics. In Oscar Wilde’s play, The Importance of Being Earnest, Wilde exposes the absurdity of Victorian aristocratic social propriety. Wilde utilizes numerous ironic puns and sarcasm in order to satirize Victorian social responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people of the Victorian Era act. The play itself follows Algernon Moncrieff and Jack Worthing, and their quest to get acquainted with their future fiancà ©es, Cecily Cardew and Gwendolen Fairfax. Additionally, Wilde wrote t he play during the aestheticism movement, which promoted the creation of art for art’s sake. Through the use of humor, irony, and sarcasm, Wilde highlights the artificiality of Victorian society. From this, two major themes arise: people from the Victorian Era place significanceRead MoreThe Victorian Age : An Upper Class Society1049 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Victorian Age: An Upper Class Society The Victorian Period, the years between 1837 and 1901, was named after the reign of the great Queen Victoria in English civilization. It was during her regime that England gained economic prosperity, experienced the rapid growth of the empire, encountered dramatic changes and religious beliefs. Various social classes represented the population of England, comprising of the upper class, the middle class, the working class and the under class. Social orderRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Alice s Adventures 1293 Words   |  6 Pagesas a children’s story, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland has remained a mainstay with children and adults for well over one hundred and fifty years. Adults and children today can see the faults of government and society with Carroll’s use of logical nonsense to satirize Victorian era society, morality, and their sense of justice. One reason Carroll’s novel Alice in Wonderland remains in the hearts of both children and adults after so much time is due to Carroll’s keen ability to write both logic andRead MoreOscar Wildes Use Of Criticism In English Literature1107 Words   |  5 PagesA central theme of English literature in the Victorian Era was the criticism of various facets of the society. With all the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution, authors such as Charles Dickens used their work to express their views on the social system and stratification of classes. Likewise, Oscar Wilde was a playwright whose criticism, expressed in the form of satire, mostly targeted the upper classes. His famous play The Importance of Being Earnest provides a prime example of the useRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1086 Words   |  5 Pages The Importance of Being Earnest, written by a fascinating Oscar Wilde reveals a story of social class and hierarchy during the roaring Victorian time period (1837-1901). Focusing his writing on the social classes, the play becomes comical when he exposes the flaws held by the upper class during this time. Wilde saw earnestness as being a key ideal in Victorian culture for much of British society struck Wilde as dry, stern, conservative, and so â€Å"earnestly† concerned with the maintenance of socialRead MoreRussell Jackson ´s Review of The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde 1307 Words   |  6 Pagesof society To what extent is Wildes play critical of society? The Importance of Being Earnest: a Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a play written by, author, poet and playwright Oscar Wilde in 1894 and debuted at St Jamess Theatre in London in 1895. The Importance of Being Earnest is Wildes most eminent work and renowned for its abundant quips and entertaining satirical views on Victorian values, marriage and love. He continuously mocks the hypocritical and superficial views of upper-classRead More Satirical Social Construct Theories in Carolls Wonderland Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages The Victorian Era held many common beliefs that contrast to everything modern society holds as true.These beliefs ecompassed such areas as social theory, class differences, racial prejudices, the effect of capitalism in society, and the role and extent of education Lewis Carroll challenges and satirizes these social constructs in his novels Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass by the use of fantasy characters and settings. He confronts the reade r indirectly through Alice; as the fantasyRead MoreThe Importance of Being Earnest Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesOscar Wilde is set in England in the late Victorian era. Wilde uses obvious situational and dramatic irony within the play to satirize his time period. According to Roger Sale in Being Ernest the title has a double meaning to it and is certainly another example of satire used by Wilde. With a comedic approach, Wilde ridicules the absurdities of the character’s courtship rituals, their false faces, and their secrets. (Sale, 478) In the Victorian era, courtship rituals were slightly different

Shimabara Rebellion in Japan

The Shimabara Rebellion was a peasant revolt against Matsukura Katsuie of the Shimabara Domain and Terasawa Katataka of the Karatsu Domain. Date Fought between December 17, 1637 and April 15, 1638, the Shimabara Rebellion lasted four months. Armies Commanders Shimabara Rebels Amakusa Shiro27,000-37,000 men Tokugawa Shogunate Itakura ShigemasaMatsudaira Nobutsuna125,000-200,000 men Shimabara Rebellion - Campaign Summary Originally the lands of the Christian Arima family, the Shimabara Peninsula was given to the Matsukura clan in 1614. As a result of their former lords religious affiliation, many of the inhabitants of the peninsula were Christian as well. The first of the new lords, Matsukura Shigemasa, sought advancement within the ranks of the Tokugawa Shogunate and aided in the construction of​ Edo Castle and a planned invasion of the Philippines. He also pursued a strict policy of persecution against local Christians. While Christians were persecuted in other areas of Japan, the degree of Matsukuras repression was considered particularly extreme by outsiders such as local Dutch traders. After taking over his new lands, Matsukura constructed a new castle at Shimabara and saw that the Arima clans old seat, Hara Castle, was dismantled. To finance these projects, Matsukura levied heavy taxes on his people. These policies were continued by his son, Matsukura Katsuie. A similar situation developed on the adjacent Amakusa Islands where the Konishi family had been displaced in favor of the Terasawas. In the fall of 1637, the discontented populace as well as local, masterless samurai began to meet in secret to plan an uprising. This broke out in Shimabara and the Amakusa Islands on December 17, following the assassination of the local daikan (tax official) Hayashi Hyà ´zaemon. In the revolts early days, the regions governor and more than thirty noblemen were killed. The ranks of the rebellion quickly swelled as all those living in Shimabara and Amakusa were forced to join the rebel armys ranks. The charismatic 14/16-year old Amakusa Shiro was selected to lead the rebellion. In an effort to snuff out the revolt, the governor of Nagasaki, Terazawa Katataka, dispatched a force of 3,000 samurai to Shimabara. This force was defeated by the rebels on December 27, 1637, with the governor losing all but 200 of his men. Taking the initiative, the rebels laid siege to the Terazawa clans castles at Tomioka and Hondo. These proved unsuccessful as they were forced to abandon both sieges in the face of advancing shogunate armies. Crossing the Ariake Sea to Shimabara, the rebel army laid siege to Shimabara Castle but were unable to take it. Withdrawing to the ruins of Hara Castle, they re-fortified the site using wood taken from their ships. Provisioning Hara with food and ammunition seized from Matsukuras storehouses at Shimabara, the 27,000-37,000 rebels prepared to receive the shogunate armies that were arriving in the area. Led by Itakura Shigemasa, shogunate forces laid siege to Hara Castle in January 1638. Surveying the situation, Itakura requested aid from the Dutch. In response, Nicolas Koekebakker, the head of the trading station at Hirado, sent gunpowder and cannon. Itakura next requested that Koekebakker send a ship to bombard the seaward side of Hara Castle. Arriving in de Ryp (20), Koekebakker and Itakura began an ineffective 15-day bombardment of the rebel position. After being taunted by the rebels, Itakura sent de Ryp back to Hirado. He was later killed in a failed attack on the castle and replaced by Matsudaira Nobutsuna. Seeking to regain the initiative, the rebels launched a major night raid on February 3, which killed 2,000 soldiers from Hizen. Despite this minor victory, the rebels situation worsened as provisions dwindled and more shogunate troops arrived. By April, the 27,000 remaining rebels were facing over 125,000 shogunate warriors. With little choice left, they attempted a break out on April 4, but were unable to get through Matsudairas lines. Prisoners taken during the battle revealed that the rebels food and ammunition were nearly exhausted. Moving forward, shogunate troops attacked on April 12, and succeeded in taking Haras outer defenses. Pushing on, they finally managed to take the castle and end the rebellion three days later. Shimabara Rebellion - Aftermath Having taken the castle, the shogunate troops executed all those rebels who were still alive. This coupled with those who committed suicide prior to the castles fall, meant that the entire 27,000-man garrison (men, women, children) died as a result of the battle. All told, approximately 37,000 rebels and sympathizers were put to death. As the rebellions leader, Amakusa Shiro was beheaded and his head taken back to Nagasaki for display. As the Shimabara Peninsula and the Amakusa Islands were essentially depopulated by the rebellion, new immigrants were brought in from other parts of Japan and the lands divided among a new set of lords. Ignoring the role that over-taxation played in causing the revolt, the shogunate opted to blame it on the Christians. Officially banning the faith, Japanese Christians were forced underground where they remained until the 19th century. In addition, Japan closed itself to the outside world, only allowing a few Dutch merchants to remain.

Economy of India - 2374 Words

November 5, 2005 Economic Growth and Development Economy of India The economy of India has seen an explosive amount of growth during the past few years. India s economy is the fourth largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) followed by a Gross Domestic Product of $3.3 trillion. India also has 8.1% Gross Domestic Product growth rate, which is second in the world (Economy of India 2005). India was the second fastest growing major economy in the world, with a GDP growth rate of 8.1% at the end of the first quarter of 2005Ââ€"06. However, India s huge population results in a relatively low per capita income of $3,100 at PPP (Economy of India 2005). India has an extremely diverse economy which includes many areas†¦show more content†¦The public sector controlled the large industries, telecommunications, and transportation systems of India. During the 1970 s India began to addressee the immense state control of the economy and sought to find ways of reducing government control. In the 1980 s India experience greater than average foreign aid to help funding in numerous development plans throughout the country (Economy of India: Analysis, Character and Structure 2000). As a result, when the price of oil rose sharply in August 1990, the nation faced a balance of payments crisis. The need for emergency loans led the government to make a greater commitment to economic liberalization than it had up to this time. In the early 1990s, India s post-independence development pattern of strong centralized planning, regulation and control of private enterprise, state ownership of many large units of production, trade protectionism, and strict limits on foreign capital was increasingly questioned not only by policy makers but also by most of the intelligentsia (Economy of India: Analysis, Character and Structure 2000). Private and public industry employment in India(2003) No. of persons employed in non-agricultural occupations in Public and Private Sectors. Data source: Economic Survey (2004-05) India s current population has continued to grow at a remarkable rate and is estimated at 1.027 billion people and has an annual growth rate of around 1.93% (1991-2001). This is down somewhatShow MoreRelatedindia economy1252 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics is the social science that studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services and in general the economy includes all of the countrys economic system, or any other area, employment, capital, natural resources, industry, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in that region. 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These words still hold true today as India moves onto the global scene and is making its presence felt asRead MoreThe Problem Of The Internet807 Words   |  4 Pagesmight not work efficiently in India, neither in culture nor technological method. For cultural reason, religion would be the first cause which makes extremely negative effect for expanding internet service in India. Since the Hinduism is a kind of close religion, such as it does not encourage people to travel away from India, the ethic might not encourage people to use new technology such as internet. In addition, education is still a problem in India. The literacy in India is 74.04 percent, whic h isRead MoreMoney And Money For Money1240 Words   |  5 Pagesout more than $50 billions rupees, but the government was initially forced to limit ATM. ATM was limited to give out only 2,500 rupees and banks was limited to give out 24,000 rupees per week. 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The booming economy creates immense prosperity for a select group of Indians citizens, but still lacks opportunity for most of the poor population. With this globalization comes change to the community surrounding the people of Annawadi. The upper class citizens of India continue gaini ng wealth and the poor are trapped right whereRead MoreTerm Paper649 Words   |  3 Pages | |Study and analyze move of India towards|-----do------- | | | |3G and suggest solutions to the problem| | | | |its facing | | |3 | |Nuclear Liability Bill: Is India a mere|-----do------- | | |

The Catholic Church And The Reformation Essay - 2008 Words

To understand the history of the Protestant Church and the Reformation, it is first important to understand that one of the positions that claims the Catholic Church is apostolic succession. This simply means that they claim to be the sole authority over all other churches and denominations because they support the entire line of Roman Catholic Popes back to back centuries, to the apostle Peter. From their point of view, it gives the Catholic Church a unique authority which puts it above all other denominations or church. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, this apostolic succession is only found in the Catholic Church and no other church can not validly claim it. It is because of this apostolic succession that the Roman Catholic Church claims to have the sole authority to interpret Scripture and to establish doctrine, and also supports having a supreme leader, the Pope, who is infallible (without error) when he speaks ex cathedra - that is to say in the exercise of his ministry as pastor and teacher of all Christians. Thus, from the perspective of Roman Catholic teaching or traditions of the Roman Catholic Church, since they come from the Pope, are endowed with infallibility and an authority equal to that of the Scriptures them- same. This is one of the major differences between Roman Catholics and Protestants, and one of the fundamental reasons for the Protestant Reformation. 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Those high up in church authority had ignored the concerns made by these reformers because they were personally gaining from practices like indulgences. However the sixteenth century split of protestant from the Catholic church became obvious andRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Catholic Church996 Words   |  4 Pages the Catholic Church built upon the bureaucratic organization of the Roman Empire, became powerful, but also very corrupt. Calls for reformation within the Church started as early as the twelfth century. To try to resolve doctrinal issues and reform the church, nine councils were called between 1215 and 1545. However, all nine councils failed to reach any noteworthy protocol and agreement regarding the Church. 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Protestantism differs from other forms of Christianity in that it is not a single church, but many different churches, denominations, and congregations, it is extremely diverse. The first proto-Protestant congregations, even predate the Reformation, drawing their origins from an earlierRead MoreCatholic Church During The Protestant Reformation1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe three areas of concern that Catholics had about the Catholic Church before the Protestant Reformation were The Plague, Abuse of the Indulgences and The Great Schism. The Plague also known as the Black Death was a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that circulated among wild rodents. The disease took place in the fourteenth century. Symptoms include aching of limbs, high fever, vomiting of blood, and swelling of the lymph nodes. After the lymph nodes swelled they would then burstRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church And The Protestant Reformation1496 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent denominations of Christianity in the world today including the Anglican Church, Orthodox Church, Catholicism, and Episcopal for example. Nonetheless, in the early 1500s, Catholicism was the predominant denomination. An argument that often comes up against the validity of Christianity is the actions of the Catholic church in the era prior to the Protestant Reformation. To quote Jesus Christ, â€Å"†¦build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.† (Matthew 16:18). Many willRead MoreThe Effect Of The Reformation On The Roman Catholic Church1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of the Reformation on the Roman Catholic Church The Roman Catholic Church grew from an outlawed and persecuted religion to a well-organized and powerful ruling body in the western world. 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The Protestant Refo rmation promoted iconoclasm, calling for the removalRead MoreThe Counter Reformation : A Response From The Catholic Church1288 Words   |  6 Pages The Counter Reformation was a response from the Catholic Church in Europe after Martin Luther posted the 95 Theses and the church was losing support and control. Beginning in 1545 with the Council of Trent where the hierarchy of the church discussed ways preserves the Roman Catholic Church again the protestant movement. In protestant churches there was no art work because they believed that there is only one god to worship and worshiping any other such as the saints was against their belief system

Life Through My Eyes Essay Example For Students

Life Through My Eyes Essay It was the day of my mums friend Junes wedding. Everything was fine and in place and it was a perfect sunny day. At the reception of the wedding I began to feel a pain around the back of my ribs. I thought I had just been hit there or something, so I took notice of it. I carried on with the day, talking and laughing. Feeling proud in my nice tartan kilt. When it got to dinner, it was about six oclock, I had a little bit of steak. It was nice and rare. I then started to feel sick. The pain was back, a sharp piercing pain. It felt like someone was slowly piercing my skin with a blade. The pain made me think about when my dad left us. To me the pain was the same, I missed him more than anything. Lifes evil I guess but you gotta deal with it. The party went on and I was feeling worse, I was pale white, white as a piece of chalk. We took a trip to Yorkhill Childrens Hospital later that night. The doctors immediately ran tests, I felt like I was in an experiment. I was constantly getting my bloods taken too. I was frightened that something serious was wrong, fear was stalking me and my thoughts were all over the place. Some time later the doctor came back with results, Harry you have Nephrotic Syndrome and its serious. I didnt know what it was but when I heard it was serious, my heart sank. I collapsed backwards onto the hospital bed in fear. Nephrotic Syndrome was a kidney disease, my kidneys were failing. I was treated very quickly and I was fine, Well I still felt like I went to hell and back. Who would have thought that so much of your life could be shattered at the age of three? I couldnt go abroad for nine years, I basically lived on steroids and had to go to the hospital nearly every week. Day after day I was at the hospital, It wasnt looking good, I had protein in my blood and I was taking in too much fluids. I hated being ill but loved it at the same time because I was always getting presents, It was like christmas every day. My kidneys played with me. I was fine for months then unwell for months. For years life was the same, in and out of the hospital constantly. I remember spending my birthday and New Years Day in hospital. I look back to then and feel lucky. When I was about eleven I had to get my finger pricked for bloods, In a cancer unit. It was for children and every week there would be a new patient, It was horrible. The children were always happy though and always fighting like mini versions of S. A. S in Afghanistan. When I was twelve, me and my mum were told that Nephrotic Syndrome was curable. It was a drip but it took two doses. To think that my disease could be cured felt amazing, I felt like I was on top of the world! When I got my first dose. I had to get a huge cannula, well what to me looked huge. It made me feel dizzy, sick and gave me a sore head. The eight hours id spent in hospital was paying off though. Life once again was the same as normal, just repetitive. During this time I felt lonely but I started to fit in at Rosshall and I realised I wasnt the only one who had to take regular medicine. There was someone else in the same year as me and their medicine and illness was very similar to mine. It felt great knowing someone else knew my pain. If i needed someone to talk to about it, I just turned to them, Life felt so much easier. A year and half or so later, I got my second dose of the medicine. Same as last time, nothing different or more interesting. So Im now here at this point in life, waiting

Accounting Theory & Issues Natural Sciences

Question: Write about theAccounting Theory Issuesfor Natural Sciences. Answer: Introduction This paper has examined the positive and negative aspects of positive accounting theory through analyzing the research article Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. The paper carry out a critical analysis of the given research article for gaining an in-depth understanding of its major arguments presented in context of positive accounting theory. This paper evaluates the argument presented in research article in relation to the positive accounting theory effectiveness in accounting researches. The overall research paper is about discussing the significance and importance of positive researches to accounting field (Dunmore, 2009). The paper is divided into various sections for covering the major points illustrated in the research article, that are, summary of article, research questions, theoretical framework, significance and limitations of article and at last presenting a conclusion for summarizing the key arguments of the research article. Summary of Article The given research study emphasizes and focuses on the use of positive theory in accounting researches. As per the article, the theory was developed by Watts and Zimmerman based on the principles of natural sciences. The theory thus gained dominance in accounting settings as it incorporate the principle of sciences and thus helpful in explaining the cause and effect relationships of accounting. The theory since its development was used on a large scale by the accountants in developing an understanding of the rational human behavior in accounting. The theory is not based on accounting standards but instead try to explain the actual reality of the accounting conventions. The accounting researches also incorporate the use of natural science problems in resolving the accounting issues (Chambers and Dean, 2013). Therefore, the theory finds extensive application in positive accounting researches for maintaining the scientific nature of these researches. The author in this context in the re search article has emphasized on explaining the use of positive theory in accounting researches through demonstrating several examples. The author has stated through citing various examples of positive research in accounting that the concept of positive accounting research is much broader than the positive theory (Dunmore, 2009). Thus, the positive accounting researches need the implementation of other theoretical models too for successfully resolving the scientific nature of accounting problems (Chatfield and Vangermeersch, 2014). The research article has argued that though theory is being widely used in accounting researches it is not able to successfully their scientific aims and objectives. The major problems faced by the researchers through the use of PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) model are analyzed and presented by the author in the research article. As per the author, the method of positive accounting was used initially to gain a better knowledge of the use of accounting practices in reality but it is proving to be quite insufficient in meeting all the needs of a broad positivist research program. The theory aims to provide an understanding of a particular accounting practice by observing empirical evidences related to it and thus making predictions about the future events based on the empirical results (Ghnabari et al., 2016). PAT. It is used mainly to develop an understanding of the selection of a particular accounting method by business firms. Thus, it tends to explain the reason behind the use of an accounting method over others by businesses worldwide. The theory as based on economic principles uses statistics data for deriving conclusions based on such data (Mattessich, 2013). However, as pointed by the author in the research article, the main weakness of positivist theory using PAT model is that largely relies on use of statistical hypothesis testing for deriving results. The theory thus largely ignores the concept of measurement and is only based on predictions rather than estimation (Dunmore, 2009). The accounting data is subject to various errors and thus should incorporate the concept of measurement for ascertaining the errors in advance (Kabir, 2008). The author thus argues in the research article that accounting researches need the implementation of theoretical models that is based on estimation and not predictions. The quantitative nature of scientific researches is also explained in the research article through the use of Poppers falsification criterion. The author has used the criterion for testing the scientific nature of positive accounting researches and pointing the deficiencies present in the current accounting researches. The theory of positive accounting was regarded to be more scientific than normative accounting theories. The theory of normative accounting is based on value judgment and provides explanation to the accounting phenomena on the basis of subjective morality and accounting standards (Deegan, 2014). The theory of positive accounting though regarded better than normative accounting theories has certain drawbacks that impedes its successful adoption in accounting settings (Abdel-Kader, 2011). At last, the aut hor in the research article has proposed the development of better theoretical models that can be used in accounting researches. The theoretical models used should be based on testable predictions and more analytic research so they prove to be successful in achieving the scientific aims of quantitative positive accounting researches (Dunmore, 2009). Research Question The given research article is based on providing answer to the following research question Does positive researches is able to maintain the scientific nature of accounting researches?. Also, there are few sub-research questions that the research study intends to provide answer in addition with the above mentioned main research questions. These are as follows: Why positivist theory finds extensive application in scientific researches? What are the challenges present before the accounting researchers in using the model of PAT in accounting researches? Does a better theoretical model need to be developed based ion testable predictions for achieving the quantitative objectives of accounting researches? The above mentioned research questions are developed on the basis of theoretical arguments illustrated in the literature review section of the research article. The theoretical arguments presented are based on the views and opinions of previous researchers that are being analyzed in the present research study (Dunmore, 2009). Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of the research study is developed on the basis of theoretical data collected from the work of the previous researchers in relation to the research topic. The author has collected the views and opinions of previous researchers for providing an understanding of the contribution and criticism of positivist theory in accounting researches. The theoretical framework of the research article has pointed that the concept of positive accounting research is much wider than the positivist theory. The positivist theory only provides an explanation of the rational human behavior in accounting field while positive accounting research demands an appropriate understanding of both rational as well as non-rational human behavior. Thus, as such the theory of positive accounting is largely claimed to be incapable in maintaining the scientific basis of accounting researches (Wolk et al., 2012). Also, the theory of positive accounting can be used only in quantitative positive re searches as it is based mainly on the logic of hypothesis statistical testing. However, researchers have claimed that scientific theories are not always quantitative but can be also qualitative such as Darwin theory of evolution. Thus, the positivist theory of accounting can only be used in conducting quantitative accounting researches and not suitable for qualitative researches (Dunmore, 2009). The theoretical framework of the article has illustrated the use of Poppers falsification criterion for developing an understanding of the quantitative nature of positive accounting theories. As per the criterion, a quantitative scientific theory provides testable predictions that are susceptible to falsification. Thus, testable predictions obtained from a scientific theory are analyzed and evaluated by comparing them to the prediction of a standard theory. The theory is falsified on scientific basis if its predictions turn out to false during testing. The poppers criterion is used by the au thor for explaining the scientific nature of positive accounting researches. The author has stated that the common problems associated with the use of positive theory in accounting researches is that only incorporates the use of hypothesis testing through the collection of statistical data. The theory does not incorporate the use of measurement for identifying the errors in accounting data. Thus, in absence of adequate measurement the rewards obtained from hypothesis testing can be untrue and thus positive accounting researchers lacks credibility and reliability (Gaffikin, 2008). The author has proposed that accounting researches should also adopt the concept of measurement for providing a reliable outcome from the accounting researches. The theoretical framework of the article has thus demonstrated a large gap present in the current theoretical model used in accounting researches for maintaining their scientific nature. The author has also pointed that positive accounting researche s only used ad-hoc quantitative models for explaining the relationship between tow variables. Thus, the theory lacks analytic researches and there is high need for development of better theoretical models that can help in providing an understanding of the analytical relationship between the tested accounting variables (Dunmore, 2009). Significance and Limitations of Article The research article is highly significant in gaining an understanding of the effectiveness of positive theory in maintaining the practical nature of accounting researches. The research study has provided an understanding of the current gap in positive accounting researches in providing a reliable outcome. The study has urged for the need of developing better theoretical models that can be used in accounting researches so that it is able to provide an explanation of the accounting practices used by business firms. The main limitation of the research study is that it relies only on subjective data for analyzing the shortcomings of the positive accounting theory model. The research study is mainly based on the adoption of quantitative research methodology as it has analyzed the theoretical arguments presented by previous researchers in context of the research topic. Thus, the research study lacks objectivity and does not explore any new perspective in context of the positive accounting researches. This has impacted the credibility of the research study as there is no incorporation of primary data for developing an accurate answer for the research problem. This will also impact the significance of the research study to be used in future context by accounting researchers. The research is purely qualitative in nature and therefore the outcome achieved from it lacks reliability in absence of support of any practical evidences. The author also need to demonstrate empirical data in support of theoretical conclusions provided for enhancing the validity and credibility of the research to be used in future accounting context (Dunmore, 2009). This is necessary for enhancing the significance and importance of the research article (Bovens et al., 2014). Conclusion The research article has provided an in-depth understanding of the positive accounting theory and its contribution in scientific researches. The major problems as stated in the research article regarding the use of positive theory in accounting researches are that is only based on analyzing the statistics data and logic of hypotheses testing. Thus, as such the result obtained is not error-free in absence of measuring and assessing the accounting data. Also, the theory is not able to provide an appropriate explanation of the cause of non-rational human behavior in accounting field. These problems need to be overcome by the accounting researchers for gaining successful outcome from the accounting researchers. The author, in the context, has recommended the adoption of better theoretical model based on analytic researches that are able to provide testable predictions for developing an understanding of the accounting practices. The theory developed by Watts and Zimmerman of positive acco unting as such needs modification to be used successfully in contemporary accounting researches. Therefore, it can be summarized form the research article that positive accounting theory is used in academic researches in accounting for gaining an understanding of the reality of accounting practices. However, there exist wide gaps in the usefulness of this theory in achieving the scientific objectives of accounting researches. References Abdel-Kader, M. G. 2011. Review of Management Accounting Research. Springer. Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability. OUP Oxford. Chambers, R. J., and Dean, G. W. 2013. Chambers on Accounting: Logic, Law and Ethics. Routledge. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R. 2014. The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Deegan, C. 2014. Financial Accounting Theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dunmore, P.V. 2009. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Gaffikin, M. 2008. Accounting Theory: Research, Regulation and Accounting Practice. Pearson Education. Ghnabari, M. et al. 2016. PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 10(2), pp. 177-182. Kabir, M. H. 2008. Positive Accounting Theory and Science. Positive Accounting Theory and Science, pp. 134-148. Mattessich, R. 2013. Reality and Accounting: Ontological Explorations in the Economic and Social Sciences. Routledge. Wolk, H. I., et al. 2012. Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. SAGE.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Sleep Habits

Unraveling the Mysteries of Sleep HabitsPMS researchers are finding more evidence to support theories about how sleep dysfunctions affect our mental, emotional, and physical health. Traditional theories about sleep were focused on disorders of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. However, new PMS research suggests that the normal sleep pattern involves slow-wave sleep, which is a complex, relaxing cycle of brain activity.If you suffer from poor sleep hygiene, a PMS researcher can help you look at sleep and other mental health issues through a process called 'microanalysis.' This is when a study participant observes behaviors or events from a distance, and interprets them as meaning something about the person. This process can be very effective in diagnosing certain mental disorders.One of the more abnormal psychology research paper topics about PMS focuses on sleep rhythms. Previous research has shown that the number of sleep cycles that the average person spends in REM (rapid eye movemen t) sleep, a deep state of sleep, is directly related to age. People who are older than their years, and have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, tend to stay in REM sleep for a longer time.This is often a unique way of looking at how sleep affects aging, because no one else has studied this area before. According to the PMS research paper, young people tend to awaken with different symptoms than older adults. It seems that young people spend a shorter time in REM sleep, and younger people have lower levels of melatonin, which has been linked to deep sleep. Younger people also tend to be more impulsive, moody, and irritable, and engage in less regulated emotions.When it comes to insomnia, sleep patterns are also key to understanding what happens when someone suffers from insomnia. Insomnia is a problem where the person is unable to get enough rest, or sleepspoorly for several nights in a row. Insomnia is associated with poor mood, lack of concentration, difficulty falling aslee p, and poor daytime functioning.Poor sleep hygiene, which includes poor sleep hygiene during the night, is commonly related to insomnia. Insomnia can be a common part of life for most people, but not all people are well-rested during the day. The good news is that there are things you can do that will improve your sleep habits and increase your chances of getting better sleep during the day.Researchers are now beginning to understand that certain treatments, such as herbal tea and green tea, have positive effects on sleep. Studies have shown that green tea has antioxidant properties that can reduce free radical damage and reduce inflammation in the body. Recent studies have shown that chamomile can also have benefits for helping to promote better sleep.While these herbs and teas may not be able to reverse the sleep deprivation, they can help you better manage your sleep hygiene and sleep patterns. There are also many home remedies that can help you sleep better and improve your slee p hygiene.

Agile Software Development Research Papers

Agile Software Development Research PapersAgile software development research papers are often referred to as white papers. This term stems from the fact that these type of publications usually feature their main thesis statement. These include such areas as the business objectives, the business plan, the business objectives and the business strategy. Usually, such documents are written by researchers who are also members of the agile development teams.Many agile software development research papers are written by independent scholars or even by members of the development teams themselves. The teams normally assign the responsibility of writing the research paper to their researchers. However, sometimes, when a team has its own researcher, they could also carry out the writing. When an agile software development research paper is written by an independent scholar, it could contain both technical and non-technical articles. Such non-technical articles could be aimed at the general pub lic to introduce the concepts or the history of the development process.A lot of white papers are published for presentation purposes. Some examples of such papers are based on real world situations where companies or organizations are looking to find out ways to make their existing programs better. They may be looking to make minor changes or take measures that will benefit the business in general.Most agile software development research papers are accompanied by case studies or tutorials to teach readers about some of the crucial steps involved in software development. The case studies are meant to illustrate how a particular approach worked in a specific situation. If a certain software program was used in a specific case scenario, then it will be illustrated. Sometimes, only diagrams will be shown.Researchers can also include other elements in their papers. Some of the elements are features, specifications, user stories, design patterns, components, architecture and even problem s. The features could be divided into functional and visual features. The specificationscould be divided into modules and interfaces. The user stories could include different scenarios that can be implemented.There are two forms of development research papers. First, there are those which focus on implementing the specified features. The next form of development research papers is about the current processes that need to be changed to change the current processes. In addition, such papers can highlight the various problems and solutions that could be used to deal with such problems.Most organizations depend on software to solve a problem. Some of them may make use of the same software to develop different projects. It is necessary that software development should be developed according to the specific requirements of the specific project.These days, the information technology department and the agile software development research papers are often mentioned in the same breath. It is not surprising that organizations that have followed this methodology should have increased their productivity.

Improve Your Grade With Exmaples Topics

Improve Your Grade With Exmaples TopicsWhether you are a new graduate, new graduate working on a degree or you have been in the job for a while and still wondering how to get that degree you so desperately want, then you are definitely on the right track if you are looking for ways to improve your grades and high school scores, and if you are looking for Exmaples topics to help you out. There are several different Exmaples topics that can help you improve the grade that you need to go to college, but you will want to use these Exmaples topics as a step by step guide to help you find what it is that you are missing when it comes to getting that college education.When it comes to academic subjects, there are many different ways to improve the grades you need to get into college. You can work harder, study more or study for extra credit, but the first and most important thing you can do is to use Exmaples topics to improve your grades. Here are some examples of topics to help you with t hat.One of the best ways to get better grades in school is to use Exmaples topics that will help you increase your writing skills. If you want to take a Exmaples topic test to help you improve your writing skills, then check out the following Exmaples topics that will help you with your Exmaples topic test.Writing an essay can be easy or hard, depending on your essay and how well you know what to write. You may think that essay editing is just writing something down and putting it in a file. Well, actually it is far more than that.An Exmaples topic is made up of six or seven different subject topics that focus on one particular subject. These subject topics are grouped together as one topic. This means that if you take a subject on psychology and work on it, you could work on that subject, the human behaviors, the brain, health issues, exercise, etc.The way that this is done is by using a creative twist to the subject, such as if you were to use the word 'anxiety' then you could rew rite the same story from a different angle and write the same information in a different way. By using different subjects for your Exmaples topic, you can rewrite the same piece of work at least four times.Using Exmaples topics will help you make more of your writing work. It is very important to write about things that you are interested in.By making sure that you write about the key information that interests you, you will be able to improve your writing skills. Exmaples topics help you improve your writing skills, and you will be able to improve your grades as well.

Writing an Essay For Your Schoolwork - The Basics of Essay Writing Sevens

Writing an Essay For Your Schoolwork - The Basics of Essay Writing SevensThere are so many different things that you can do when it comes to writing an essay for your school essay writing sevens or any other school work. First off, you will want to make sure that you have the proper essay topic that you would like to write about and how you are going to write it.You will want to talk about something that is going to help your classmates in either seventh grade or any other school assignments. This is also a great way to get your opinion out there and it is also a good way to be creative. You will be able to go over the paper and come up with a better topic and plan if you have the proper training.The first thing that you will want to do in any of your essays is to go over the basics that are used in the seventh grade. These are things like grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, the number of each sentence structure, and proper proofreading. Make sure that you do this as often as p ossible so that you do not need to learn these terms in your own time.Once you have those basics covered, then you will want to write your introduction. This should be your introduction of who you are, your objective, what you want to accomplish, what you are going to do, and the purpose of the essay. Keep your introduction simple and make sure that it goes over all of the basic information about yourself and the topic of the essay.Essays are usually long and many of them take hours to complete, but do not be discouraged if you feel that you do not have the ability to write a long essay. Many of the writers out there can write up to 50-page essays and even longer, it is completely up to you.The next step is to make sure that you have completed all of the questions on the essay. If you are unsure of what questions you need to answer, then this is the time that you will go to your search engine and find some examples. Make sure that you know what questions you need to answer before yo u get started.With this information in hand, it is easy to understand how you can get started and how to keep from running into problems later. It is important that you do your homework and take the time to study all of the topics and techniques that you are going to need to use in order to write an essay. Do not let the pressure get to you as you always want to do your best, and doing your best is how you are going to do it.

Holocaust Essays (2284 words) - Eugenics, Applied Genetics

Holocaust The Lebensborn Project The topic of eugenics cannot be discussed without encountering the Holocaust, but this is as it should be. When contemporary geneticists, genetics counselors and clinical geneticists wonder why it is that genetics receives special attention from those concerned with ethics, the answer is simple and can be found in history. The events which led to the sterilization, torture and murder of millions of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and children of mixed racial heritage in the years just before and during the era of the Third Reich in Germany were rooted firmly in the science of genetics (Muller-Hill, 1988). Rooted not in fringe, lunatic science but in the mainstream of reputable genetics in what was indisputably the most advanced scientific and technological society of its day. The pursuit of genetic purity in the name of public health led directly to Dachau, Treblinka, Ravensbruck and Auschwitz. As early as 1931 influential geneticists such as Fritz Lenz were referring to National Socialism as applied biology in their textbooks (Caplan, 1992). As difficult as it is for many contemporary scientists to accept (Caplan, 1992; Kater, 1992), mainstream science provided a good deal of enthusiastic scientific support for the virulent racism that fueled the killing machine of the Third Reich. When the Nazis came to power they were obsessed with securing the racial purity of the German people. The medical and biomedical communities in Germany not only endorsed this concern with negative eugenics, they had fostered it. Racial hygiene swept through German biology, public health, medicine and anthropology in the 1920s and 1930s, long before the Nazis came to power (Weiss, 1987, Muller-Hill, 1988; Proctor, 1988; Kater, 1992). Many in the medical profession urged the Nazi leadership to undertake social policies that might lead to enhancing or increasing the genetic fitness of the German people (Kater, 1992). Eugenics consumed the German medical, biological and social scientific communities in the decade before World War II. Many physicians and scientists were frantic about threats they saw to the genetic health of the nation posed by the presence of inferior populations such as Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs, with a lesser extent a distant threat which was, African peoples (Adams, 1990). The steps they took to protect against the public health disaster of a 'polluted' racial stock were so awful, so immoral, and so heinous that they have rightly, shaped all subsequent discussion of the ethics of both human genetics and eugenics. Steps to eliminate unfit or undesirable genes by prohibitions on sexual relations, restrictions on marriage, sterilization or killing, are all forms of negative population eugenics (Kevles, 1995). Nazi judges and scientists ordered children killed or sterilized who had parents of different racial backgrounds or were thought to have genetic predispositions toward mental illness, alcoholism, retardation or other disabilities. This was done to remove the threat such children posed to the genetic stock of the nation and to avoid having to pay the costs associated with institutionalization and hospitalization (Caplan, 1992). Laws were enacted prohibiting marriages between those whom Nazi race hygiene theory held were likely to produce degenerate offspring. Conversely, on a smaller scale, the Nazis tried to encourage those who satisfied Nazi racial ideals to have more children. The most extreme form of encouraging eugenic mating was the Lebensborn program which gave money, medals, housing and other rewards to persuade ideal mothers and fathers to have large numbers of children in order to create a super-race of Aryan children (Proctor, 1988). The provision of rewards, incentives and benefits to encourage the increased representation of certain genes in the gene pool of future generations constitutes positive population eugenics (Kevles, 1995). Nazi race hygiene theories were false. There is no evidence to support the biological views of the inherent inferiority of races or the biological superiority of specific ethnic groups, which underlay the eugenics efforts of the Third Reich. There is not even any firm basis for differentiating groups into races on the basis of genetics (Harding, 1993). The negative eugenics programs race hygiene spawned were not only patently unethical, since they were completely involuntary and coercive they were also based upon assumptions about genes and race that are not true. The Nazi drive to design future generations

Effective Lesson Objectives

Effective Lesson Objectives Lesson objectives are the key element in creating effective lesson plans. The reason for this is that without stated objectives, there is no measure of whether a particular lesson plan produces the desired learning results. Therefore, time needs to be spent before creating a lesson plan by writing effective objectives. The Focus of Lesson Objectives In order to be complete and effective, objectives must include two elements: They must define what is going to be learned.They must give an indication of how that learning will be assessed. First, an objective tells students what they are going to be learning in a lesson. However, the objective does not end there. If it did, they would read like a table of contents. In order for an objective to be complete, it must give the students some idea of how their learning is going to be measured. Unless your objectives are measurable in some manner, there is no way that you can produce the evidence necessary to show that the objectives were in fact met. Anatomy of a Lesson Objective Objectives should be written as a single sentence. Many teachers like to start their objectives with a standard beginning such as: Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to.... Objectives must include an action verb that helps the students understand what they are going to learn and how they will be assessed. In Blooms Taxonomy, Bloom looked at verbs and how they related to learning, dividing them into six levels of thinking. These verbs are an excellent starting point for writing effective objectives. A simple learning objective that meets the criteria listed above is: Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to convert fahrenheit to celsius. By stating this objective from the beginning, students will understand exactly what is expected of them. Despite everything else that might be taught in the lesson, they will be able to measure their own learning if they can successfully convert fahrenheit to celsius. In addition, the objective gives the instructor an indication of how to prove that learning has taken place. The teacher should create an assessment that has the student perform temperature conversions. The results from this assessment show the teacher whether or not the students have mastered the objective. Pitfalls When Writing Objectives The main problem that teachers encounter when writing objectives is in the choosing of the verbs that they use. As previously stated, Blooms Taxonomy is a great place to find many action verbs that can be used when writing learning objectives. However, it can be tempting to use other verbs that are not part of the taxonomy such as enjoy, understand, appreciate, and like. An example of an objective written using one of these words is: Upon completion of this lesson, the student will understand why tobacco was such an important crop to the settlers in Jamestown. This objective does not work for a couple of reasons. The word understand leaves a lot open to interpretation. There were a number of reasons why tobacco was important to the settlers at Jamestown. Which one should they understand? What if historians disagree about the importance of tobacco? Obviously, because there is a lot of room for interpretation, students do not have a clear picture of what they are expected to have learned by the end of the lesson. Second, the method for measuring learning is not clear at all. While you might have an essay or other form of assessment in mind, the student is not given insight into how their understanding will be measured. Instead, this objective would be much clearer if it was written as follows: Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to explain the impact that tobacco had on the settlers at Jamestown. Upon reading this objective, students know that they are going to be learning about not only the impact that tobacco had on the colony, but they are also going to have to explain that impact in some manner. Writing objectives is not meant to be a form of torture for teachers, but instead, it is a blueprint for success for both teachers and students. Create your objectives first, and many questions that need to be answered about your lesson will fall into place.

Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Inflation - Essay Example In case proportionately controlled incomes failed to bring about changes in demand, devaluation of money was used as a means of returning to efficiency. However, the failure of the Bretton Woods model led to a period of higher inflation caused by increases in additional demand. (Charles Bean, 2003, pp 1-4) The Bretton Woods model failed for three main reasons. Firstly, the gold standard exchange endangered the U.S. economy with a convertible crisis and the U.S. took stringent measures, which in effect made exchange even more difficult. Secondly, the adjustable peg system failed to work in the wake of capital mobility, which cause even small changes in parities to become large costs. Thirdly, the countries with a trade surplus were becoming progressively reluctant to adjust. The first world countries were uninterested in revaluating their currencies every time the U.S. had a trade imbalance. This resulted in the waning of the American economic power relative to European countries and Japan. The G10 lost its power and the stage was set for a more individualistic and decentralized system for stabilizing macroeconomic conditions. (Michael D. Bordo, 1993) In the 1980’s all monetary targets were unsuccessful because it was very difficult to predict if the policy goals would reap the intermediate or economic targets. So an inflation target was proposed- and the system converted in 1992. The target measure chosen was the Retail Price Index (RPI), which omitted mortgage payments. The target was set at 1-4% with the expectation that it would come to be so near the end of the parliaments term at office. The adoption of the system of inflation targeting was followed closely by utilitarian systems whereby the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Governor of the Bank of England met together with their advisory teams and the minutes of the meeting were published in the Bank’s Inflation Report, which analyzed all inflationary trends with the