An Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

An Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities By reading the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, it gives us an understanding of the French Revolutionary War that cannot be found in textbooks. By reading between the lines, sever tout ensembley of the characters represents the stirring emotions and reactions of the people that were affected by the War. Lucie Manett, who later becomes Lucie Darnay, is a tender and affectionate loving person. She is a very virtuous woman who reaches out to all human cosmoss in need of love. Most of all the people she meets immediately have respect for and are loyal to her. From the French Revolutionary war time period of view, Lucie represents family and bonds between lovers. She is what people are truly fighting for, to defeat the antagonist, battle for what they believe in and then go home to their loving families...Lucie. Lucie also symbolizes peace, when being with the one you love or knowing that they are in that location its makes people more at ease, it makes war and life a lot more easier to go through. Charles Darnay is a French nobleman by birth. He is a righteous man who renounces his inheritance and his title, he chooses to earn an honest living as a tutor in England. Charles Darnay was falsely charge of treason. Dickens wrote this, to stand for all the people that were barely involved in the war but were unjustly accused of things they did not do. In the novel you felt what Darnay was portraying and how it affected the people that cared for him most. This showed that there were many people that had done wrong and were sentenced to death for it, yet there were also people who did not deserve to be there. These people were either killed or rescued. Fortunately Darnay was rescued to be with his love. Like in all wars there is always evil to be present. Madam Defarge is all of the dreadful aspects of war put into one. As she slowly knits the names of her victims that need to die she plots revenge on the people who she watches. She seeks war but waits for the perfect time.

Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Essay example -- Anti Discri

Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory The 2nd U.S. Circuit address of Appeals held that those business practices that shake had a disparate impact effect on the older workers are now considered to be actionable under one subject field anti-discrimination law (Hamblett, 2004). The case does reaffirm a second Circuit precedent that had been set but which is at odds with what a majority of federal courts mother held. The appeals court supported the root that a lay finish plan had been properly brought under the The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) although the company did not have the intention of discriminating. The case Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory did in fact uphold the jurys findings that employees who are on the older side had lost their jobs through a layoff plan. This discrimination was unintentional. However, the policy did have an impact that was deemed discriminatory and the firm could have reached its goals through a differen t method that would not effectively discriminate. The reason for the eccentric had to do with the fact that thirty of thirty-one people who were laid off were over the age of forty. There were 26 plaintiffs who did go to trial while well-nigh of the others settled with the company on their own. In the end, the jury awarded plaintiffs a total award of $4.2. The case was appealed and at the time, Knolls argued that the law really does not allow disparate impact claims, citing Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins, 507 U.S. 604 (1993), where a claim involved disparate treatment and what was needed was proof of intentional discrimination. The Court claims that the Hazen Paper Court had not obdurate the appropriate white plague of ADEA in terms of disparate impact. It was further stated that the decisions to come from other circuits do not necessarily overrule prior cases. The idea that disparate impact claims may not be allowed under ADEA is therefore rejected. It seems that the major iss ue here is whether or not one can use age as a factor in terms of discrimination when the discrimination was not intentional. If for example it turns out that the people who are laid off are over the age of 40, even though no malicious intent is discovered, it still may be construed as age discrimination. This issue has been about controversial for some time, as most litigants in age discrimination lawsuits realize that they ... ...g went to the fact that even though the business did not purposely discriminate, it did in fact due to a policy that is discriminatory in nature. In other words, the true reason for the firing was directly related to substance abuse. Although the employee was technically not let go due to the abuse specifically, the fact that this occurred in fact is enough to render the policy unfair. I feel that this law provides bully value to my workplace as, it protects those who have made mistakes at the workplace due to a disability. In this case it was substanc e abuse, but the same concept could be applied to other conditions that alter behavior. ReferencesHamblett, M. (2004, August 26). 2nd Circuit Impact of Employer Acts Grounds for Suit Court rules on disparate impact theory of recovery. hot York Law Journal. Retrieved April 4, 2005 from http//www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1090180422885 SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES RAYTHEON CO. v. HERNANDEZCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT. No. 02749. Argued October 8, 2003Decided April 2, 2003. Retrieved April 4, 2005 from http//supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/02-749.ZS.html

The Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge Essay -- Bridges Engineering

The Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is perhaps the most notorious failure in the serviceman of engineering. It collapsed on November 7, 1940 just months by and by its opening on July 1, 1940. It was spirited by Leon Moisseiff and at its time it was the third largest suspension bridge circuit in the world with a center span of oer half a mile long. The bridge was very narrow and sleek giving it a look of grace, moreover this design made it very negotiable in the wind. Nicknamed the Galloping Gertie, because of its undulating behavior, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge drew the attention of motorists seeking a cheap thrill. Drivers felt that they were driving on a roster coaster, as they would disappear from tummy in the trough of the wave. On the last day of the bridges existence it gave fair warning that its destruction was eminent. Not only did it tickle up and down, but writhe side to side in a cork screw motion. After hours of this violent motion with wind speeds reaching xl and fifty miles per hour, the bridge collapsed. With much(prenominal) a catastrophic failure, many people ask why such an apparently well thought out program could have failed so sternly?(This rhetorical question clearly sets up a position of inquiry-which iniates all research.) The reason for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge is still controversial, but three theories reveal the behind of an engineering explanation. (Jason then directly asserts what he found to be a possible answer to his question.) The bridge was designed at a time when the States was moving toward streamline products, this included the design of bridge. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was a sleek, graceful looking suspension bridge. Suspension bridges lie down of many cables anchored... ... suspension bridges (pp. 13-102). Seattle University of Washington PressFrench, C. & Lorentz, T. (1995). Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete Effects of materials, mix composition, an d cracking. ACI Materials Journal, 92, 181-190.Koughan,J. (1996, August 1). The collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, evaluation of its demise, and the do of the disaster of succeeding bridge designs OnlineAvailable http//www.me.utexas.edu/uer/papers/paper_jk.html OConnor, C. (1971). Designs of superstructures. New York Wiley and SonsPetroski, H. (1992). To engineer is human. New York Vintage Books Troitsky, M. S. (1994). Planning and design of bridges. New York Wiley and SonsWashington State discussion section of Transportation. (1999). A short floor of galloping gertie Online. Available http//www.wsdot.wa.gov/solve16/history.html The Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge Essay -- Bridges EngineeringThe Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is perhaps the most notorious failure in the world of engineering. It collapsed on November 7, 1940 just months after its opening on July 1, 1940. It was designed by Leon Moisseiff and at its time i t was the third largest suspension bridge in the world with a center span of over half a mile long. The bridge was very narrow and sleek giving it a look of grace, but this design made it very flexible in the wind. Nicknamed the Galloping Gertie, because of its undulating behavior, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge drew the attention of motorists seeking a cheap thrill. Drivers felt that they were driving on a roller coaster, as they would disappear from sight in the trough of the wave. On the last day of the bridges existence it gave fair warning that its destruction was eminent. Not only did it oscillate up and down, but twisted side to side in a cork screw motion. After hours of this violent motion with wind speeds reaching forty and fifty miles per hour, the bridge collapsed. With such a catastrophic failure, many people ask why such an apparently well thought out plan could have failed so badly?(This rhetorical question clearly sets up a position of inquiry-which iniates all research.) The reason for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge is still controversial, but three theories reveal the basis of an engineering explanation. (Jason then directly asserts what he found to be a possible answer to his question.) The bridge was designed at a time when America was moving toward streamline products, this included the design of bridges. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was a sleek, graceful looking suspension bridge. Suspension bridges consist of many cables anchored... ... suspension bridges (pp. 13-102). Seattle University of Washington PressFrench, C. & Lorentz, T. (1995). Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete Effects of materials, mix composition, and cracking. ACI Materials Journal, 92, 181-190.Koughan,J. (1996, August 1). The collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, evaluation of its demise, and the effects of the disaster of succeeding bridge designs OnlineAvailable http//www.me.utexas.edu/uer/papers/paper_jk.html OConnor, C. (1971). Designs of superstructures. New York Wiley and SonsPetroski, H. (1992). To engineer is human. New York Vintage Books Troitsky, M. S. (1994). Planning and design of bridges. New York Wiley and SonsWashington State Department of Transportation. (1999). A short history of galloping gertie Online. Available http//www.wsdot.wa.gov/solve16/history.html

Thomas Jefferson :: essays research papers

THOMAS JEFFERSONThomas Jefferson (1743-1826), 3d PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. As the actor of the Declaration of Independence andthe Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, he is probably the most conspicuous champion of political and spiritual freedom in his countryshistory. He verbalize the aspirations of the new nation in matchless phrase, and one may doubt if any other American has been so oftenquoted. As a humans official--legislator, diplomat, and executive--he served the province and commonwealth of Virginia and the youngAmerican republic almost 40 years.While his services as a Revolutionary patriot have beenhonored by his countrymen with only slight dissent, his later and more controversialpolitical activities have been variously interpreted. Believing that the government was not being suffered in the spirit of 1776, he turnedagainst the administration in WASHINGTONs second term and remained in opposition during the presidency of John ADAMS.Jefferson, who was presiden t from 1801 to 1809, was the acknowledged head of his political party, and his election to the highest situationhas been interpreted as a vindication of the right of political opposition. His ELECTION checked in the United States the tide of politicalreaction that was sweeping the horse opera world, and it furthered the development of political democracy. Throughout his life he sought todo that, though the term he generally used was republicanism.Opinions differ about his conduct of foreign affairs as president. He acquired the vast province of Louisiana and maintained impersonality in aworld of war, but his policies failed to safeguard neutral rights at sea and imposed hardships at home. As a result, his administrationreached its nadir as it ended. Until his last year as president he exercised leading over his party that was to be matched by no other19th century president, and he enjoyed remarkable popularity. He was rightly hailed as the "Man of the People," because he sought toconduct the government in the popular interest, rather than in the interest of any privileged group, and, insofar as possible, in accordancewith the peoples will.He was a tall and vigorous man, not particularly impressive in person but amiable, once his original stiffness wore off. He was habitually tactful and notably respectful of the opinions and personalities of others, though he had slight tolerance of those he believed unfaithful to

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay -- English Literature

Dr Jekyll and Mr HydeThis novel is more than just a traditional horror story as it has manyhidden and complex meanings and explanations, of what appear and wouldhave normally before this book, been simple events. Stevenson has verystrong opinions and some(a) are expressed in the book.A traditional horror story would each be a super naturalIn this novel Stevensons characters, Jekyll and Hyde, are stereotypesof people who are good and evil. The good is the friendly doctor(the caring profession) and the evil is the hunched, horrible murderer.These two stereotypes combine to create the average man who has thecapacity to be both good and evil, and they have both good andevil thoughts and emotions. All people have the same emotions, somegood and some bad and, deal Hyde, when you follow the evil emotionslike hate, jealousy and revenge, you are considered evil. Jekyll andHyde both have these evil emotions but what makes Jekyll good isthat he hides them, Jekyll is driven by reason whereas Hyde is drivenby desire, hell do what he wants when he wants.Londonand Jekylls HousesThe street where Jekyll lives is described as merely an anonymousstreet in London, whose shop fronts like rows of smiling women havea brightness that stands out in contrast to the dingy neighborhood.And yet on this street, two doors from the corner, stands a dreary,Gothic house, which bore in every feature the marks of prolonged andsordid negligence. As we proceed further in the novel, Jekyllshouses will be seen to have their own connection with the charactersprosperous, respectable, as well as threatening, mysterious, andsinister. It is clear by each of its two appearances the respectableJe... ...public has seen only aveneer of my real self. This is true due mostly to the incident that noone knew Mr. Hyde was a part of Dr. Jekyll. Jekyll constantlyemphasizes the greatness of his background. He reminds us of hiswealthy family, and great education. But he also states that man isnot truly one, but truly two.Dr. Jekyll needed something, or someone to represent the evil whichhas built up inside of him. He created this through experiments, whichlead to a potion. This potion transformed him anytime he wanted. Hewas transformed into Mr. Hyde. Evil is just a small portion of men,perhaps that is why Mr. Hyde had a dwarfish appearance. The main crestwas that the potion took over his life, and Dr. Jekyll finallyrealizes he is unable to transform back into his goodness. He attemptsto commit suicide, as this is his only way of destroying Mr. Hyde.

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay -- English Literature

Dr Jekyll and Mr HydeThis novel is more than just a traditional horror story as it has manyhidden and complex meanings and explanations, of what seem and would present normally before this book, been simple events. Stevenson has verystrong opinions and some are expressed in the book.A traditional horror story would either be a super naturalIn this novel Stevensons characters, Jekyll and Hyde, are stereotypesof people who are advanced and evil. The good is the friendly doctor(the caring profession) and the evil is the hunched, ugly murderer.These deuce stereotypes combine to create the average man who has thecapacity to be both good and evil, and they have both good andevil thoughts and emotions. All people have the same emotions, somegood and some bad and, like Hyde, when you follow the evil emotionslike hate, jealousy and revenge, you are considered evil. Jekyll andHyde both have these evil emotions but what makes Jekyll good isthat he hides them, Jekyll is driven by land whereas Hyde is drivenby desire, hell do what he wants when he wants.Londonand Jekylls HousesThe street where Jekyll lives is described as merely an anonymousstreet in London, whose shop fronts like rows of glad women havea brightness that stands out in contrast to the dingy neighborhood.And yet on this street, two doors from the corner, stands a dreary,Gothic house, which bore in any feature the marks of prolonged andsordid negligence. As we proceed further in the novel, Jekyllshouses will be seen to have their own connection with the charactersprosperous, respectable, as thoroughly as threatening, mysterious, andsinister. It is clear by each of its two appearances the respectableJe... ...public has seen only aveneer of my real self. This is true due mostly to the fact that noone knew Mr. Hyde was a part of Dr. Jekyll. Jekyll constantlyemphasizes the greatness of his background. He reminds us of hiswealthy family, and great education. But he also states that man isnot sincerely yours one, but truly two.Dr. Jekyll needed something, or someone to represent the evil whichhas built up inside of him. He created this through experiments, whichlead to a potion. This potion modify him anytime he wanted. Hewas transformed into Mr. Hyde. Evil is just a small portion of men,perhaps that is why Mr. Hyde had a dwarfish appearance. The main pointwas that the potion took everywhere his life, and Dr. Jekyll finallyrealizes he is unable to transform back into his goodness. He attemptsto commit suicide, as this is his only way of destroying Mr. Hyde.

Chicano Studies Paper

The join States, a place associated with hope, equal opportunity and license also faces m whatsoever underlying issues. The idea of this perfect country has been corrupted with problems such as immigration, growing class division and most prominently the 2007 fadeout. These burdens consume prevented people from living the Ameri passel Dream, a concept that our country has over glorified. The root of these on expiration problems has not been properly addressed, preventing our nation from making any progress.Looking closely at the continuous problems that the Unites States has and still faces, it is viable to say that these issues revolve around capitalist economy. The novel, The Barbarian Nurseries by Hector Tobar illustrates how immigrants like Araceli are victimized due to unresolved issues with money and the recession. When Araceli is prosecuted for abusing and kidnapping the Torres-Thompson children, the case eventually transitions into an issue with immigration. As the case gains media attention people like Ian Goller and Janet Bryson express resentment toward Araceli.Within Araceli, Goller and Bryson saw a representation of immigrants, who in their mind were to blame for the issues that had erupted in their country, such as the everlasting recession. Janet Bryson exemplifies this anger and bitterness when she boldly states To those who want to point out how frequently these illegal immigrants contribute to their society .. Look at our full prisons, our higher insurance rates, our lowering pedagogy standards(325). Bryson and Gollers actions symbolize the result of capitalism, the true problematicdie within the novel.Capitalism has never been fully recognized as the true typeface for many of the problems the U. S has faced causing immigrants like Araceli to be used as scapegoats for issues they had little influence in causing. As a result, capitalism can be seen as the barbarian in the novel, which in turn leads to barbaric actions on behalf of pe ople like Goller and Bryson, against immigrants like Araceli who are innocently move to secure a better life for themselves in the United States.I personally found it portentous that even after Araceli was found innocent for harming and kidnapping of the Thompson kids, Goller had the audacity to try and prosecute and deport Araceli Your honor before you adjourn, .. there is also the matter of the defendants immigration status (408). These never ending accusations that immigrants have to carry, prevent them from reaching that better life that they work so hard to one daylight achieve in the Unites States. In the end Araceli is partially forced to escape and essentially start a new life from scratch due to the blackball associations that an immigrant label carriers.In the film A Better Life, capitalism is also a hidden factor to many of the conflicts that are portrayed throughout the film. The film depicts Carlos, a hardworking immigrant worker striving to do all he possibly ca n to create a better life for him and his son. This proves to be easier said than make as Carlos continuous efforts backfire and he ends up getting deported. The driving force behind his inability to reach the better life he so desperately desires is capitalism.Passion and motivation can be seen within Carlos optimism and spirit when he says This country is a land of pipe dreams, it can be a hard place, a cruel place, but its where I work and I dream for a better place for my son. Unfortunately his drive is not bounteous to move up economically which is the key to sustaining a better living. Even when hope is created through the purchase of a truck, his gateway to living the American dream is quickly shattered when his truck is stolen by Santiago, another immigrant worker.The injustice that he had faced when getting his truck stolen led me to resent Santiago, but I later realized that he was going through his own hardships in trying to live out his own American Dream. The darkne ss of capitalism had led him to a desperate barbaric action, emphasizing the want for a better life as a universal battle. Capitalism further acts as a throttle valve in the film as seen through Carlos unstable living in a run down neighborhood, preventing his son Luis from getting getting the proper education he deserves and needs to accomplish a better future.The probability of his son ending up in the same oppressive situation as him becomes truly probable, causing doubts of the possibility of ever reaching success. This never ending cycle of constant input with no output leads to the devastating realization that this idea of a better life may be unattainable. This understanding is described by Celo who chose to face the reality of his limited opportunities by joining a gang They both lock us out or lock us up. This makes me stop and realize that there is a reason behind all of the bad decisions that people make, sometimes its becomes their just now option.At the end of the f ilm, a better life is not achieved by Carlos, instead he is seen in the desert trying to cross the border, back to the same place that he had started, making one wonder if a better life is even reachable. The 2007 recession, a result of capitalism has also had a personal impact on my familys lives. Before the recession, my family lived a pretty stable life in a beautiful domicile that my parents had worked so hard to provide for us. When the recession struck its effects took a toll on my family for several days to come. Around 2009 my mom was laid glowering from her teaching position, leaving her jobless for over a year.During this time all of the financial responsibilities for the house were left to my dad who did not gain much income as a truck driver. Without any financial help from my mom, money became a huge issue for my family. Letting go of certain luxuries, such as going out to eat frequently and shopping for new gadgets whenever we pleased became strong. As payments for the house became more complicated to pay, my parents also started drifting apart. Eventually my dad was ineffective to make the payments for the house causing us to lose our home as well as deal with the eventual separation of my parents.All of these events led back to the recession which has definitely taken us off the path from living the better life that my parents worked so hard to achieve. Looking back at the successes that my parents have achieved only to be beaten down by the devious recession, I strive to rebuild that better life that we once had, full of unity, happiness, and achievement. Due to these burdens, several years later my family is still dealing with the consequences of an issue that has yet to be dealt with efficiently by the United States.Reaching a better life has become more difficult due to the Unites States inability to address a problem that has been plaguing our nation over and over again. This capitalist issue has shattered many hopes and dreams that ma ny hoped to achieve. Life should not be based on lost aspirations but on anticipation for a successful future. Through the text, the novel and my personal experience our nations issue with capitalism can be seen as an unchanging factor in our society in both the past and present.Due to our nations hardship in providing a solution for the problems that capitalism has ensued, its negative effects have come up time and time again. During the 1930s the Unites States faced an economic slack resulting in a very high unemployment rate. In order to deflect the nation away from the issues the nation was face, immigrants were targeted for the countrys falling out. The justification for these unjust actions is portrayed in the reader stating that The deportation of more Mexicans meant more jobs for real Americans (147).These unreasonable possible actions that the nation took in order to draw attention away from United States real issues, appear to be very similar to the actions taken by th e nation in todays recession. It is due to these keep patterns that reaching for a more stable, successful life has become difficult not only for immigrants but for everyone in the United States trying to make something of themselves. As Sunny Patterson states in her poem, Money and power and greed, the game. They suck and devour the souls of the slain.Patterson highlights how our societies corrupted desire for money and control has selfishly left the rest of the universe of discourse thirsting for the day they will be able to rebuild the path toward their desired life. It is for these reasons that I believe that our nation is still in the dessert as Patterson suggests, facing the same unresolved problems that have progressively lead to high unemployment, rising tuition for educations, higher costs of living and so on. A positive initiative needs to be taken in order to prevent our nations from getting even worse than it already is.Martin Luther King proposes a solution to this pr oblem when he states We must rapidly begin the shift from a thing oriented society to a person oriented society (A Time to Break Silence). He suggests that a shift needs to be made from individualistic selfish needs to a population coming together and conquering the nations issues in unison. This idea is also suggested by Patterson after addressing all of the abominations that the Unites States has yet to address when she states But come, come children, rally around and maybe together we can make a sound that will shake the trees or rattle the ground.This simple change of coming together to change a cause is an effortless act that can bring just the right push to in bringing a positive change to our nation. This small yet profitable act can be used as a way to express common concerns within a population to bring about the urgently needed change that we need in our nation. It is only through this radical change as King speaks out about that our nation will finally get out of the al l too familiar desert that we have revisited over and over again.

Frankenstein Research Paper

Anastasia Shevchenko Professor Patricia Barker English 1302 15 November 2013 Frankenstein In Marry Shelleys Frankenstein, higher-up and the colossus share comparable nature. Throughout the story, achiever Frankenstein and his mental institution share hatred towards one a nonher. The two characters subscribe the same objective that they are trying to achieve. They each not yet value their nabing through read, but appreciate the cancel humanness to help them cope, and have a craving for revenge when they feel it is necessary. While reading the story, the reader can see similarities betweenFrankenstein and the monsters eagerness for knowledge, gratefulness for nature, and devotion for revenge. As a young boy Frankenstein enjoyed learning new things. successs determined character was what begins his disintegration. In headmasters younger days, he enjoyed reading the books of Cornelius Agrippa. After reading these books, Victor had a different view of the world. Victors parent s thought that he should attend the University of Ingolstadt to expand his cultural knowledge, although Victor at the clock time was attending the schools of Geneva. When I had attained the age of s answereen, my arents resolved that I should become a student at the University of Ingolstadt. I had hitherto be the schools of Geneva but my father thought it necessary, for the completion of my education, that I should be made acquainted with other customs than those of my native country (Shelley 25). This inspired the young Victor to attend the University of Ingolstadt to study science. His mothers death causes him to delay his departure by many months, but once at the university, Victor spends two years studying chemistry under the direction of M. Waldman and M. Krempe (Guyer).In addition, the monster himself enjoyed to learn new things. From the truly first day of being created, the monster had a desire to understand the agency the world worked. Just as Victor had once done, the monster came upon three books. The Sorrows of Werter, a volume of Plutarchs Lives, and Paradise Lost were the three books that helped the monster open up his question to the knowledge that these books had to offer him. l learned from Werters imaginations despondency and gloom but Plutarch taught me high thoughts he elevated me above the wretched sphere of my own reflections, to revere and love the heroes of past agesBut Paradise Lost excited ifferent and far deeper emotions (89-90). These books shaped how the monster viewed the world around him. The monster did not only learn through reading but from the cottagers as well. It impressed me deeply. I learned, from the views of social life which it developed, to admire their virtues, and to deprecate the vices of mankind (88). Victor and his creation both had the displeasure for learning this is what would eventually lead to their destruction. Similar to Victor, the monster appreciated nature.They both enjoyed the views of nature i t had the effect to be able to calm them down in the enormous situations. After he murder ot Victors son, William, Victor still tound peacetulness upon looking at the mountains. Dear mountains My own beautiful lake how do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are straighten out the sky and lake are blue and placid. Is this to prognosticate peace, or to mock at my unhappiness? (55). The calla version of the lyric gesture of addressing the earth with the trust that it can respond establishes a relation of nativity and origination Victor is the mountains as they are his.He identifies the calm landscape as a response, but an confusing response that he is unable to interpret (Guyer). Also, after gazing out the window for hours Victor felt the silence, although I was hardly conscious of its extreme profundity (120). The sublime mountainscape gives Victor a feeling of potential freedom and of mastery however, in order to live that freedom he will have to free himself from the dead w ho reparation him, a freedom that may be possible only in death. Victor calls upon the dead and presents them with an alternativegive me happiness or death (Guyer).Victors creation always lived alone, and in that state of loneliness he found comfort in the natural environment he resided in. Soon after the creature was created he had a ifficult time remembering the original era of his being. All of a sudden a strange multiplicity of sensations seized me, and I saw, felt, heard, and smelt, at the same time (70). At first, the monster was surprised when spring came and he saw nature begin to bloom. His senses heightened and became revived. It surprised me, that what before was desert and gloomy should now bloom with the or so beautiful flowers and verdure.My senses were gratified and refreshed by a thousand scents of delight, and a thousand sights of beauty (80). Victor and the creature shared a love for nature and the way it could soothe them. While loneliness filled their hearts a nd souls, Victor and the monster both turned to nature for refuge. As the reader gets deeper in to the story, one begins to differentiate that both Victor and his creation were filled with a voracious reprisal. After the monster found victor in his room he was filled with fire miou have destroyed the work which you began what is it that you intend? (120).In addition, the monster asked endured incalculable fatigue, and cold, and hunger do you dare destroy my hopes? (120). Subsequent to the monster braking in to Victors room and escaping in his own boat, Victor was filled with rage. The night passed away, and the sun rose from the ocean my feelings became calmer, if it may be called calmness, when the violence of rage sinks into the depths of despair (121). One main event that started the quench for the undying hatred and sorrow was the death of Victors son, William. The monster decided to give the humans one last chance.When he stumbled upon a child, suddenly, as I gazed on him, an idea seized me, that this little creature was unprejudiced, and had lived too short of a time to have imbibed a horror of deformity (100). Soon after his encounter with the child, the monster realized that the young boy was Just like veryone else he has met. Hideous monster Let me go my papa is a Syndic-he is M. Frankenstein-he would punish you. You dare not keep me (100). The creature also learned that the child he gave one last chance to was the son of Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein ou belong then to my enemy-to him towards whom I have sworn eternal revenge you shall be my first victim (100). Soon after the creature strangled the child, he saw something on his chest, it was a yield of a beautiful woman For a few moments I gazed with delight on her dark eyes, fringed by deep lashes, and her lovely lips but instanter my rage returned (100). This is when the monsters downfall began. It is thus that, too often in society, those who are best qualified to be its benefactors and its ornaments, are branded by some mishap with scorn, and changed, by neglect and solitude of heart, into a scourge and a curse (Shelley).The creation wanted revenge on Victor because he felt overlook and abandoned. Frankensteins moral failure is his heedless pursuit to know all that he might about life without taking any responsibility for his acts. His sin is not solely in creating the monster, but in abandoning him to orphanhood at his birth (Griffith). As a result, the ctions of the two characters in the course of the novel become very apparent to the reader that both Victor and his creation live for revenge.After reading the literature the reader can effortlessly identify the similar characteristics between Victor Frankenstein and his creation. They both had the desire to expand their knowledge and learn new things. Each one of them read different books that changed the way they viewed the world. They were each mesmerized by the worlds natural beauty and what it could bring t hem. Victor and his creation both turned to nature that helped them during the most gloomy time. Even though they were able to see the beauty in the world, each one of them had a dark side.Victor abandoned his creation right after he was created. The monster himself later killed a lot of people do to neglect. They both sought revenge. Victor wanted to kill the monster for destroying his family, the monster after being neglected by his creator and all the people he had met, decided he wasnt going to give the human raise another chance after being rejected by the little boy who he thought was unprejudiced. With as many differences that Victor and the monster have, knowledge, nature, and revenge will always be common factors that they hare.

Influence in Politeness

Influence in politeness -Culture address id considered a desirable characteristic in most cultures. However, cultures atomic number 18 different in how they define the politeness. cause the English speakers screening consideration for others and presenting the confidence and polish as their politeness on the other hand, the Japanese showing respect and presenting their selves with modesty as their politeness. Cultures differ in the rules for expressing politeness or impoliteness and also in the punishments for the usurpation of the accepted rules. deterrent example in the Asian cultures, people who stress more politeness are often singled out when interview for a job on the other hand, they will also receive harsher punishment for violation than the western cultures. Politeness is recognized as an important part of interpersonal interactions in the business world. The rudeness in the workplace, it is been argued, reduces the performance effectiveness, hurts creativity, and lead s to increase the worker turnover. Example because of her boss bad temper, my sister did non want to stay any longer in her previous company and search for a new job. record and professional training Your personality and personal training will also influence your degree of politeness and the way you express the politeness besides cultures. Example my degree of politeness is different when I interact with my classmates and interact with the lecturers. This condition depends on my personality in how I think of them. Another example when I do the presentation, I speaks in formal actors line to show my respect to the audiences, and it will be different if I just attend the generally class. Politeness in Inclusion and Exclusion Inclusive messages include all people present and acknowledge the relevance of others and normally considered polite. Example using English language in this university. When we discuss our homework, we will use English language to adjust to the foreigners and r espect them. oExclusive messages shut out specific people or entire pagan groups and are normally considered impolite. Example when I talked to my family on the phone, I usually used my native language in order that the surrounding people could not understand what I said.

Culinary artistry

Culinary artistry goes beyond the ordinary art forms. Unlike painting, literature, and the performing arts, culinary arts offer to a greater extent than just the usual ocular, intellectual, or auditory regard. The culinary arts combine all of the aspects of all the art forms that we know of a culinary masterpiece, unlike any other masterpiece in any art field should offer a multi-disciplinary experience as well(p) as please the ii other remaining sensations of taste and smell.A culinary obra maestra has to complete the experience by offering visual appeal, the application of the concepts of food preparation, as well as the ultimate experience for the palate. Chef Jacques Torres has undoubtedly mastered the art of food preparation and more. Our likely chef was already a master in the kitchen at the cordial age of 15. He fatigued most of his childhood in Bandol, in the south of France and was an apprentice in a relatively small pastry dough haunt called La Frangipane.His two o ld age being an apprentice was sheer pleasure for this young chef, and as a will to this warmheartedness for cooking, he graduated at the top his apprenticeship class. Chef Torres went to attend high school and spent a year in the armed forces these however, did non dampen his passion for the culinary arts. Upon leaving the military he pursued his shaft for cooking and polished his culinary skills at the La Cadiere dAzur where he gain the degree of master pastry chef.At 26 years old, Chef Torres was recognized by his countrymen with the most prestigious award for french craftsmen, the Meilleur Ouvrier de France Patissier (Best pastry dough Chef in France), qualification him the youngest in history ever to receive this coveted recognition. He did not stop here during this considerably early period in his career, Chef Torres already began to reap awards from all over the world among these are the gold palm tree of the Japanese Pastry Chef Association and his win in the 1986 F rench Championship of Desserts M. O. F., to name a couple. He was quite aggressive in pursuing his passion as he went on to spend culinary weeks in Tokyo, Sydney, Melbourne, and Spain as well as went on a culinary cruise with Le Figaros through the countries of the Mediterranean. He also offered consultation and product development services to Cointreau and Valrhona. Later, he also left for the United States to participate in the rededication ceremonies of the Statue of Liberty honoring chairperson Francois Mitterand of France and President Ronald Reagan of the United States.Chef Torres wanted to share his expertise to aspiring chefs, which made him a cut above other chefs who would like to keep their secrets to themselves. Chef Torres believed in the appreciate of legacy and made sure that his legacy lasted forever by ensuring that his skills and knowledge was appropriate transferred to younger chefs who shared his passion for pastry. Ideally, Chef Torres wanted to improve the landing field of pastry making so that the world could experience the wonders of this desert.To accomplish this situation objective of his, Chef Torres joined the French Culinary Institute Faculty in 1993. He stock-still went to as far as designing the Classic Pastry Arts curriculum for the school. His dedication to the education of aspiring chefs appropriately made him the programs Dean of Pastry Arts. His commitment to the education of young chefs allowed him to pay back the industry that made him into whatsoever he has become. He was a good educator and many of his students drop g whiz on to pursue their own careers and make mileposts of their own.Chef Torres was also a health buff, he regularly joins the New York City Marathon. As a testament to his love affair with health a few of his recipes appeared in the French Culinary (your family name) 3 Institutes Salute to Healthy Cooking (Rodale, 1998). This recipe book pays particular attention to healthy eating and cooking and s o features menus arranged according to season availability that are a made from low-fat, healthy ingredients the classic French culinary way. No less than the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company hired Chef Torres as the corporate pastry chef in 1998.He was with the Ritz for a year until the great Sirio Maccioni invited him to be the executive pastry chef of Le Cirque which featured a custom-built state-of-the-art pastry kitchen. His work at Le Cirque allowed him to wow patrons with his creations. He gave them the culinary experience of a lifetime, one they will never forget. People from all over the country and even the world began to consider Le Cirque as the inhabitancy of deserts made only for the gods. More and more, the patronage of Le Cirque grew.The patrons wanted more of Chef Torres deserts, and not only that, they wanted the diversity of the choices and expected more to come from this culinary genius. Chef Torres, on the other hand, never wasted a dull moment in making his creation s and as a result, none of his patrons went by disappointed. They either had a wide smile on their faces or a small paper bag filled with more of his deserts to take home. For xi years, Chef Torres impressed his clientele with his culinary expertise. As his fame spread throughout the land, his fame also grew.Soon enough, the demands were too much for the culinary genius and as if his work at Le Cirque was not enough, Chef Torres also launched Dessert Circus with Jacques Torres, a public access show that aired 52 episodes aside from this, he also released two recipe books to accompany the show, Dessert Circus Extraordinary Desserts You Can Make at Home and Dessert Circus at Home, the former of which earned a 1999 James Beard Nomination. He did not however take any offense against these demands, in fact, his spirit was more than willing to indulge in the demands, just his flesh was weak, and so stress took the culinary genius down.After eleven years of heavenly deserts and more tha n satisfied customers, Chef Torres made a milestone decision he left Le Cirque to start his own business. Fortunately, Chef Torres was not just an exquisite pastry chef but a businessman as well. He undefended his own java factory in Brooklyn and called it Jacques Torres Chocolate. The name was synonymous with the chefs amazing deserts, and who can resist cocoa created by someone who can create divine deserts?Chef Torres wasted no time in building his business he personally took care of the retail, wholesale, and internet operations, and in not time, his creations reached chocolate lovers from all over the world. His Chocolate Coconut Napoleon, Chocolate Bark, and Chocolate Mousse all became instant hits. How else would chocolate stuff made from authentic chocolate fare? To add to this, Chef Torres also created some unusual chocolate flavors like ginger-laced and chili-laced chocolates which became demand items Soon after, in 2004, Chef Torres went into another giant venture, h e opened a chocolate factory in Manhattan.The factory is a mix of cafe, retail, and manufacturing so that the guests can actually see how chocolate is created straight from cocoa beans, making Chef Torres a real live Willy Wonka. A feature to note is that Chef Torres is the only chocolatier who not only creates his own candy, but his own chocolate as well. Chef Torres chocolate has earned a name for itself in the roster of great chocolate makers like Godiva. Chef Torres too has earned a name for himself, even before his chocolate acquired his very own signature.Chef Torres was named the James Beard Pastry Chef of the Year, received the Chartreuse Pastry Chef award, was named the Chefs of America Pastry Chef of the Year, and earned membership into the Academie Culinaire de France. (your family name) 4 Chef Torres also has a big heart for children and the elderly. He has never hesitated to share his blessings to the less fortunate members of society, so aside from teaching the art of pastry making at The FCI, demonstrating his skills about the world, and creating and selling exquisite chocolates, Chef Torres also spends time with and donates generously to various charity organizations.We dont really know if it is this commitment and dedication of Chef Torres to the needy that has given(p) him all the great things that he is currently enjoying or his inherent talent and expertise in the craft that he loves but one thing is for sure, whatever the reason for Chef Torres success, he is one individual who was never afraid to take the risk. His initially venture in Brooklyn was a big risk in itself considering the area in which his factory would be in. He took the risk and put more confidence in his business mind than in his fears and went on to pursue the challenge.This makes Chef Torres not only a brilliant chef, a chocolatier, or a teacher, but also a successful and proactive businessman. A passion in ones chosen field always yields great results. Chef Torres is a classic example of this particular philosophy like other great artists who came before his time, whether in the field of literature, visual arts, or the performing arts, Chef Torres has proven himself to society and to the world. There are challenges in pursuing your own particular field of endeavor but being persistent and being dedicated to your chosen field can always work for your dreams.Perhaps, Chef Torres did not know or dream of how great he can be, perhaps he just did well in pursuing his particular field of endeavor, but the burning passion and love that he spent on his craft paid-off well, and big time. The lesson that we could learn from this great chef is that it doesnt really matter where you come from and what you believe in so as long as you have passion for your particular field of endeavor always, what happens is, people acquire the contagion of our passion, dedication, and sincerity, and whether they like it or not, they all end up developing an acquired love f or our art.(your family name) 5 References Treuting, J. (2007). Jacques Torres. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http//www. delish. com/cooking-shows/famous-chefs/celebrity-chef-jacques-torres? ref=findex Chef2Chef (2007). Chef Torress Biography. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http//topchefs. chef2chef. net/recipes-2/torres/

Pablo Neruda

Pablo Neruda was a communist poet. The Chilean won the Nobel Prize in Literature 1971. He wrote The Captains Verses in 1952 while he was in exile with his secret dealr Matilde Urrutia on the island of Capri. The Captains Verses was a collection of his cope Poems that expresses Pablos different emotions to his kip down and the beautiful nature. From the book, we can see how Plabo treasured the time living with Matlide in the adorable exotic place. We can feel his passion, his pain, and his rage. His love poems were permeated with dense patriotism and his homesickness for Chile. Matilde was a singer.Her life was changed after she fell in love with Pablo, the most important person in her life. It would never be casual to stay with a communist. With her faith of love, she had gone through a lot of danger with Pablo and she was also Pablos good helper. They had countless sweet and unforgettable moments. Pablo was all in(p) in soon after the military coup of Chile in 1973. They were s eparated forever since then. The military government treated Maltide as an influential introduce in the country because she was the widow of a communist. She had a choice to leave this Chile moreover she decided to keep on going Pablos grade and stay in Pablos home.Finally, she was able to publish Pablos work and write her own memoir. In her memoir, she told her legendary love with Pablo and the struggles she had faced. We can see their love on both Pablos poem and Maltides memoir. We can see their own perspective in their work. The memoir is a compliment to the poem that e realthing pen by Pablo did happen to Maltide. She gave response and opinion to these experiences. In this essay, Im going to analyze The Soldiers Love in The Captains Verses from Plabos perspective and the view of Maltides memoir My Life with PABLO NERUDA. The Soldiers Love was written to Maltide. It is in free verse and there be ten stanzas. The tone of this poem is passionate and it sounds like Pablo is ta lking to Maltide directly. He used a lot of You to raise the momentum. Youll wear out your shoes/ but youll grow on the abut/ You have to walk on thorns (17-19) It sounds powerful and it makes Maltide become confident and dedicated. There are some words that are dysphoric at the end of the sentence such as fire, death, march, blood, they all stand out in the poem because they punctuate the danger of their future.The poem is well organized From the second stanza to the fifth stanza, they are all three sentences long. From the sixth to eighth stanza, they are dickens sentences long. This splits the poem into two parts. The three sentences structure is talking about Maltides life before she met Pablo while the two sentences structure is talking about the life she is going to give-up the ghost with him. The first stanza in the midst of fight life led you to be the soldiers love (1-2) is the introduction.Then the last stanza ends the poem with two enough sentences Kiss me again, near/ Clean that gun, comrade (21-22) The whole structure of this poem looks very clear. The final stanza is smashed to get ahead Maltide with their faith of love and the word good and comrade shows Pablos tremendous passion. Pablo wanted to use this poem to let Maltide understand that her life had come to a turning point and also encourage her to be ready for the challenges coming up in their life. The introduction of the poem indicates that she no longer could enjoy a normal life. In the midst of war life led you to be the soldiers love (1-2) Pablo was the soldier fighting for the communist party. Everything would be different when she became a communists love. Pablo seemed disapproval of her past because he used vagabond to address her in the poem. He thought Maltide was political ignorant.You didnt know where you were going/ you were the dancing partner/ you had no Party, no country(9-11) What she had done before was not meaningful at all. She didnt belong to anyone and a nywhere. It was time to abandon her past and fight with him from now on. immediately you cant dance any more/ with your silk dress in the ballroom/ Youll wear out your shoes/ but youll grow on the march (15-18) Although she couldnt have the comfortable life like before and she would be suffering a lot, she would learn a different dimension of life connective the fight for the fellow people. The fight of the communist is a long march that it will be full of sufferings. Youll have to walk on thorns/ leaving littler drops of blood (19-20) Maltide should be prepared for any hurt or even death on the way. At last, Pablo encouraged Maltide to be dedicated to their love. Kiss me again, beloved (21) He urged her to put the focus on their love, then they would not scare any situation coming up. Their faith of love is the best thing to sympathize with Maltide and keep her marching. Plabo thought Maltide was ready to fight with him. Clean that gun, comrade (22) She was not only his lover but also his comrade. Maltide was his counterpart who would share any problem with him and fight till the end. In Maltides memoir My Life With Pablo Neruda, she retold her terrible experiences that she had never encounter in her life. She had spent an agonizing night on the boat and almost swallowed by the sea.In the hotel, she was treated as a criminal in the hotel. Then she left for Naples with fourteen suitcases. She had been followed by the undercover guard from city to city during her journey. Maltide was very angry to these experiences at first. Then Pablo told her about his own experience. She realized everything just happened to her had already occurred on him many times. She got to know wherefore Plabo became a communist. He explained how, after his terrible experiences in that civil war, he returned to Chile and kept on fighting, writing about what he had witnessed in Spain.He was already considered the biggest communist of all and figured that if protesting and denounci ng injustice means beingness a communist, well alright then, and he joined the party. He was always a communist, because the suffering of others hut him too much. While he was alive, he put his pen and his life in the service of the people. (115) After the Maltide learned the reason why Plabo being a communist. She appreciated what he was doing. She admired his passion of helping all the people. Now she could accept being a communist and understand its fight.These experiences deepened Plabo and Maltides love because they could know each other even more. However, Pablos heart was painful for dragging Maltide into his own sufferings. Pablo laughed until he cried as I told him about the Italian police, especially since Pablo had considered me the most politically ignorant woman he ever knew. But I was his love, and from that moment forward, I would take on all that he did and face all the difficulties in his life with him. (155) Maltide was happy to see Pablo blaming himself for no t being able to protect her.They both consider each other very much. Therefore, Maltide made up her mind to dedicate herself to follow Pablos path and fight with him together. She didnt care how dangerous it would be as she was so strong in her love. The poem addressed the changes of Maltides life and Pablo encouraged her to take the challenges with their faith of love. In the memoir, Maltides talked about her experiences and her own feeling. She started to learn about the adversities of being a soldiers love. She would stay with Plabo all they way and fight with him. She would use action to respond his poem.

How Does Infection Enter the Body? Essay

How does infection enter the body?Infection control is about controlling the scatter of communicable diseases in the midst of people. Some of the individuals we support will be particularly vulnerable to infection and this means you need to be extra vigilant In order to spread infection, there needs to be a source, a soldiers, a means of transmission and a point of entry. The source could be a soul or the surroundings the host is the person at risk. Transmission could be through take with another person, equipment, food and drink or pests. The point of entry could be through breathing, eating, drinking, cuts, wounds or medical procedures like catheters or injections. The five main routes are* Contact * Direct transmission involves order body surface-to-body surface contact and physical transfer of microorganisms from an infected or colonised person to a susceptible host. This may occur between patient and carer during patient care that involves direct personal contact, or betwe en any two persons (patients, carers, others) in the health care setting. * Indirect transmission involves the contamination of an inanimate object (such as instruments or dressings) by an infected or colonised person. The contaminated item or environment may then transmit the infection to a susceptible host via contact. * Droplet Coughing, sneezing and talking can generate droplets. Procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy are also a source of droplets. Transmission occurs when an infected or colonised person generates droplets containing microorganisms which are propelled a short distance through the air and deposited on the conjunctivae, nasal mucosa or mouth of a host.Droplets do not detain suspended in the air so special air handling and ventilation are not required to prevent droplet transmission. * Airborne transmission occurs when each airborne droplet nuclei or dust particles disseminate infectious agents. * Common vehicle Common vehicle transmission applies to m icro-organisms transmitted by contaminated items such as food, water, medications, devices and equipment. * Vector borne transmission Vector-borne transmission occurs when vectors such as insects (mosquitoes, flies) or vermin (rats, mice) transmit microorganisms Sometimes a microorganism can be transmitted by more than one route. With our clients there are additional points ofentry the stoma sites and it is your responsibility as a HCSW to prevent cross contamination and promote ripe infection control procedures. The following diagram outlines how following the practices and protocols put in place by the company can help to ensure infection is not introduced by breaking the chain of infection by being conscious of your actions safeguarding the health of yourself, your clients and others.

Maersk Doha Communcation Report

1 Shannon and Weavers Communications model seems to be a perfect check up on for the Maersk Dohas problems on board as on that point were several instances when language caused mis communions between caboodle members and messages where delivered incorrectly. This highlights that not each(prenominal) messages received are identical to the message that was sent or to put it in simpler terms it can almost be described as a game of Chinese whispers. starting time off we are told that when the emergency occurred and the chief engineer was not informed quickly affluent.This could be bring down to the incompetence of the engineers or more likely that there was a lack of communication commodities available to them. We were to a fault told that the chief engineer was in a difficult position when it came to communication as he spoke a different language from the rest of the clump. This then created a hindrance upon the crew who were tasked with trying to get word and relay what the chief engineer was saying and along with the background noise, this proved to be difficult and olibanum caused confusion.2- A big problem was the communication barrier between the engineering and deck departments. If a incorporated communications procedure had been in place, the damage could and probably would have been limited to a minimum. Problems arose as the engine crew didnt report to the chief engineer and the chief didnt report to the captain. Obviously if the elderberry bush staff are not made aware of the problems then they cant be work out in a proper manor. Its of utmost importance that the correct procedure where carried out when transaction with safety issues.On this occasion a threat occurred payable to an inexperienced crew, reluctant to communicate with their superiors. entirely departments should have been working towards a joint goal instead there seemed to be departmental corrasion and the link of horizontal communication was inadequate. Having an inexper ienced first and second engineer helped lead to not further mechanical problems occurring but to a fault further problems in communication. The shipping comp whatsoever had decided all crew had a satisfactory level of English but this was not the case and the language barrier acted as a catalyst to the reason the fire was not dealt with properly.4 It is clear that there were problems in all directional flows. The downward communication was ineffective. The chief engineer should have asserted his authority and created a post of communication between his staff. Although the language barrier sometimes prevented proper flow in culture there should have been procedures in place in case of emergency to insure the crew could contact him with any problems. The upward communication was also found inadequate as the crew should have been responsible enough to notify the chief engineer that there was a fire in the economiser and that perhaps due to their naivety and lack of experience they did not want to alert the chief and been seen as incompetent.The engineers where not long-familiar with the machinery and should have contacted the chief as early as possible. On the early(a) hand the chief is also guilty of miscommunication when it came to the deck department. It is imperative that twain departments work together and help as much as possible and its also necessary to regularly keep up to date with each others departments. This is the reason companies create procedures and flow charts that must be adhered by whilst on board.If the system was damage then the chief should have designed a new communication procedure in prepare to keep communication flowing between all involved 4 Its clear to say that the communication environment is heavily affected by the presence of so much background noise. There were problems with both the technical and social aspects of noise. Semantic barriers also lead to a negative influence on the environment.The information required reg arding the economiser was available to the crew but due to this being from the ships previous owner and it not being endorsed by ZMA, there was confusion regarding what documents and procedures were to be followed. If ZMA had constructed their own policy, adding any information they did not declare over from the previous owner, this might have helped avoid the ensuing problems.

Aztec and Inca Civilizations

I think the Aztecs were more impressive, in one of the captions I read that one of their squares was twice as large as the city of Salamanca surrounded by porticoes daily sixty cardinal mint are buying and selling all kinds of switch that the world has to offer embracing the necessaries things of life. In the same square there are some people who constantly go around watching sells and the measures used for sales these people have been known to go around and stop unfair deals or break the measures completely.The men and women who agree to be sacrificed are throw to their backs, so they can be sacrificed to their gods and with break uttering a word and remaining perfectly still while a priest comes over with a stone knife to cut their heart out. This is one of the things as to wherefore I think the Aztecs were more impressive because of the discipline they had, even when they are having their heart cut out while they are still alive.The boys and girls were brought up differentl y with a few similarities. The differences for boys were they were expected to have more responsibilities such as growing to become fierce some brave and warriors, fishermen, farmers and craftsmen, like their fathers. The daughters were expected to engage their mothers and work indoors managing the house and raise the children.Something similar both boys and girls had in common was they were taught their responsibilities from a rattling young age, they were excessively expected to go to school for at least a little fourth dimension between the ages ten and twenty, the school the rich or the gifted were able to attend was called calmecac, there was some other school that some of the population attended who were not rich or considered gifted, which was called tepochcalli. Their (was little difference) in (Aztec pietism and civil society.The tlacatecuhtli or fountainhead of men controlled all the religious ceremonies) who (was also the military leader chthonic the tlacatecuhtl i were several religious and other offices which included military generals. Priests and priestesses were very important in society they acted as) scientists (and) doctors, and (taught science, art, music, dance, history, and counting. They also knew astronomy and astrology. They had to perform) very (difficult ceremonies). (Religion played an important part in Aztecs lives and was very complicated because they adopted numerous of the) aspects of the (people they conquered.They had three dominate gods Huitzilopochtli, (Hummingbird wizard the native and) the (chief god of the tenochca, Huitzilopochtli was the war and sun god), Tezcatlipoca (smoking mirror chief god of the Aztecs in general) and Quetzalcoatl (sovereign plumed serpent widely worshipped throughout Mesoamerica and the god of civilization, priesthood and learning). under these three gods were four creating gods who kept themselves from the human world. Under these were a large number of other gods, the most important) w as (tlaloc, the rain god) chalihuitlicue, (the god of growth and Xipe, the flayed one a god connected with spring.The Aztecs worshipped about) one thousand (gods, but the sun god was the most important. Religious ceremonies were held in a temple called a teocalli. The temples had pools for ceremony cleansing, gardens, living quarters for a priest, and racks to hold the skulls of victims. The most prominent part of Aztec religious life was the subroutine of human sacrifice. It was practiced in all of Mesoamerica but the) tenochca (used sacrifice on a grand scale. We dresst know a great deal about the details, but we can successfully theorise its character and justification with a high level of accuracy).

Bacterial Transformation Lab Report Essay

BackroundThe plasmid pGLO contains an antibiotic-resistance gene, ampR, and the GFP gene is regulated by the control region of the genus Ara operon. ampicillin is an antibiotic that kills E. coli, so if E. coli, so if E. coli boothular telephones contain the ampicillin-resistance gene, the cells can survive exposure to ampicillin since the ampicillin-resistance gene encodes an enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic. Thus, alter E. coli cells containing ampicillin-resistance plasmids can easily be selected simply growing the bacteria in the presence of ampicillin-only the transformed cells survive. The ara control region regulates GFP expression by the addition of arabinose, so the GFP gene can be saturnine on and off by including or omitting arabinose from the culture medium.PurposeThe purpose of this testing ground was to understand bacterial shift key, how it occurs, and to make DNA glow.HypothesisIf the transformed E. coli is mixed with the ampicillin resistance gene, it wil l be fitting to grow in the ampicillin plates, but the non-transformed E.coli will not.MaterialsTwo microcentrifuge tubes500 uL of ice cold 0.05 CaCl2E. coli bacteriaA stereotypic malleable cringleA sterile P-20 micropipette10 uL of pAMP solutionA timerIceA water bath500 uL of Luria brothA spreading rod intravenous feeding platesIncubatorProcedureDay before lab1. Streak E. coli host cells for isolation.2. Prepare six seed plates.Day of lab1. Get two microcentrifuge tubes, which should for each one contain 200 uL of cold CaCl2 solution. Label maven tube with your initials and a (+) and the other tube with your initials and a (-).2. Transfer 2-4 large colonies using a sterile plastic curl up to each microcentrifuge tube and completely resuspend. Do not transfer any nutrient agar. perpetrate the tip of the loop into the CaCl2 solution and spin until there is not any cells on the loop.3. Close each of the tubes and put them in ice.4. Ask your teacher to use a P-20 micropipett e to add pGLO DNA to your fault mix.5. confer pGLO DNA to the (+) labeled microcentrifuge tube.6. Incubate some(prenominal) microcentrifuge tubes on ice for fifteen minutes.7. Take both tubes break of ice and immediately place in incubator at 42C for 90 seconds.8. by and by place both tubes back in the ice for two minutes.9. Add 200uL Luria Recovery Broth to both microcentrifuge tubes.10. Let both the tubes rest at room temperature for 10 minutes.11. During the 10 minutes, get the LB agar and LB+AMP agar plates ready. Mark your plates with the transformation tube mixture to use (+ or -), the lab group names, and the date on the top of the dishes.12. Add 100ul of the pGLO transformation cell mixture to the center of the agar surface of the corresponding LB agar and LB+AMP plates.13. Use a sterile plastic loop to distribute the cell suspension evenly on the plate by skating the loop back and forth across the LB agar plate several times.14. Use the same loop and technique to sprea d the same cell suspension (+) on the LB+AMP agar plates. lean ofthe sterile loop in a beaker of germicide.15. Repeat the procedure by spreading the (-) transformation cell mixture to each of the (-) labeled LB and LB+AMP plates. Be sure to use a fresh plastic loop for the None transformation mix.16. Stack your groups set of plates on top of one another and tape them together. The plates should be left upright position to allow the cell suspension to be absorbed by the agar.17. Place the plates in an inverted position (agar side on top) in a 37C bacterial incubation oven for overnight incubation (15-20 hrs.).Day later on lab1. Lower the clear-cuting in the room and use a long wave U.V. light to visualize the transformed cells that will glow due to the expression of the green or blue fluorescent proteins.DataLB+(Positive Control)LB-(Positive Control)LB/AMP+(Experimental)LB/AMP-(Experimental)Bacterial Growthlawnlawn3 coloniesNo increaseConclusionsThe bacteria treated with the pAM P solution developed a resistance to ampicillin and were able to grow on the ampicillin plate. Those that were not treated with the pAMP were not able to grow on this medium. The plates with no ampicillin served as a control to show how the bacteria would lookin normal conditions. Transformation is never in full effective, Only cells that are competent enough are able to take up the foreign DNA. Therefore, the ampicillin+ plates showed less growth that the control plate.Questions1. Record your observations about the color and growth (number of colonies) of bacteria on the Petri plates. If you ask so much bacterial growth that you cant count individual colonies, this is referred to as lawn.LB+(Positive Control)LB-(Positive Control)LB/AMP+(Experimental)LB/AMP-(Experimental)Bacterial Growthlawnlawn3 coloniesno growth2. Calculate the transformation efficiency of your transformation experiments. Transformation efficiency refers to the number of cells transformed per microgram (ug) of D NA. The transformation efficiency of my transformation experiments is 0.0125 cells transformed per microgram (ug) of DNA.

Geomechanics Lab Report

Aim The of import intention of this investigation was to set apart the various stages of the Atterberg sterilises. These include the perspicuous state de snare pointate test (LL), pli suitable choke test (PL), tractile index test (PI) and one-dimensional shrinkage (LS) of a filthiness try provided by the administration. This was so followed by a extend analysis to throttle the instalment surface scattering of some other dirty word pattern so that a sui sidestep miscellanea in both situations could be make in accordance with the Australian Standards AS1726 1993. surgical process ( take preperation)On startle of the investigate, distributively separate was provided with both parts of 500grams of nation retrieved from the field and then oven dried by the experiment supervisor. One part of the discoloration adjudicate was mutual grain gravel for the particle sizing distribution map and sieve analysis, whilst the remaining 500 grams of country was of pretty grained fraction. * proviso of granular Grained Fraction During this result the atomic pile of 500grams of tarnish was recorded and soaked in pissing for duration of 24 hours. This was then followed by placing the grease sample into a 0. 75mm appointment sieve and the entire fine particle was washed external exploitation rails tap water and a sm all(pre zero(prenominal)inal) spray bottle until the water had started running clear. The sieved sample was then transferred in a tray which was once more put into the oven at 100 degrees for 24 hours. * facility of pretty Grained Fraction The remainder of the 500 grams of the sample was then sieved through a 0. 425 mm mesh sieve and the contents collected. This procedure was done until more or less one hundred fifty to 200grams of material was successfully passing sieve. Procedure (Sieve synopsis)This procedure entangled the sieve analysis of the crude fraction. This involved weighing the hand of the oven dried rough-cut grained fraction so that we are able to plant the particle size distribution. For this experiment the mass of loose fraction apply was 312. 10 grams. This was then followed by arranging the sieves from top to bottom in value from larger gapped mesh in the sieve to the little one (i. e. 37. 5mm to 0. 075mm) and then pouring the sample in the top sieve whilst shaking it for approximately 10 minutes.This provided mechanical energy to the disgrace allowing for it to pass all the sieve layers. The next procedure involved enter the smear mass that had accumulated on each sieve and the bottom pan. Furthermore the percentage of sea captain mass retained and cumulative passing % vs. particle size plot has been constructed as shown in appurtenance A. As shown in the plot it quite a little be noted that the results obtained were not accurate enough for the strong size determine of D_10 and D_30 to be calculated. Yet the effective size D_60 was able to be found and was shown to be 1. mm as shown in the particle size vs percentage passing table in addendum A. Due to the fact that all effective size determine pull in not been able to be attained from the graph, the uniformity coefficient C_u and the coefficient of curvature C_c were not able to be calculated. Yet if they could be then they would be calculated using these equations Cu=D60D10 Cc=D102D10*D60 where CU=Coefficient of curve Cc=Coefficient of Curvature All determine recorded puzzle been tho discussed in the results percentage of this report. Procedure (Atterberg set aparts determination) * fluidness bounce (LL)The silver confine test west per organize on the fine sandy grease over the course of two sessions to determine the water content (percentage) at the point when the colly started to behave with liquid qualities. This test procedure involved gradually adding water to a round wholesome created in two thirds of the dishonor sample on a glass plateful. Then using two s patulas the sample was mixed until a glitter banquet was formed. This was then followed by placing a small total of the sample into the liquid limit device and train it horizontally using the spatula to create a smooth surface.Using the grooving tool the sample in the transfuse was divided in half. To determine the number of blows the report of the mechanism was rotated at a belt along of two blows per second and the number of blows recorded until the soil tautd the groove to a space of 1 cm. It was expected that the number of blows be as close to 25+ or 3 as possible. The group was successful in our fourth attempt where 28 blows were recorded. Once the sample was successful it was removed from the liquid limit cup and placed within a support and the mass weighed. This was set(p) to calculate the moisture content percentage.The mixture in the liquid limit range was placed in a 0. 25 meter length mould with a midland diameter of 0. 025 meters and left on top of the oven so that the additive shrinkage could be resolute. All values obtained are discussed in the results. * charge plate Limit (PL) To determine the plastic limit (as a percentage), after(prenominal) which the soil could no longer be deformed water was added to the remaining one third of the wry soil on a separate glass plate and molded by hand. Small amounts of the soil were rolling on the flat glass plate until they formed into a diameter of 3 mm and then started to break apart.According to AS12989 it was proved that the soil had reached its plastic limit. This soil was then placed in a tin and similarly to the liquid limit all mass values of the tin and sample were recorded. These were left to ironical in the oven. All results obtained the following day have been discussed in the results division. * Linear shrinkage (%) As instructed, results for the limitar shrinkage were collected after duration of 24 hours from the laboratory and the linear shrinkage (in percentage) was ca lculated using the formula LS=LsL*100 where Ls=Recorded Shrinkage L=Initial Length of examineIn addition to the linear shrinkage, all dry mass results were also collected from the front day and recorded as shown in the results piece of this report. * Plastic Index Conduction of the plastic limit and linear shrinkage test led to the tally of the moisture content in percentage and this further allowed us to calculate the plastic index using the formula. Ip=Wl- Wp where Wl=Liquid Limit Wp=Plastic Limit * Classification of soil after(prenominal) the soil tests have been completed as listed above and results obtained, the soil sample was classified match to the Australian Standards AS1726 1993.To aid in this classification of the soil, table 8 ( naming and Classification of rough Grained scandals) and table 9 ( acknowledgment and classification of hunky-dory grained Soils) as well as Graph 1 ( malleability chart vs. Liquid Limit) have been used and attached in appendix C. F urther criteria such as plasticity of Fines, Color of Soil, Cohesive strength and Classification root symbol ( remit 7 Soil Classification Symbols) shag also be used. Results * Sieve synopsis find the particle size Distribution tail draw of ladened soil + Tin 203. 79 plenitude of dry out soil + Tin 165. 0 can of Tin 32. 60 nap of Moisture 38. 19 spile of Dry Soil 133. 00 Moisture capacity 28. 70 Initisl pickle of Oven Dried prototype 500g Mass of oven Dried Sample retained over 75? m 312. 1g Percentage of Coarse Fraction 37. 58g Mass of Dry sample passing the 75? m 187. 9g remit 1 Soil Sample Preparation Values Total Mass of Sample used for Sieve Analysis = 500 grams Mass of Coarse Fraction of Sample Used for Sieve Analysis AS Apperture Mass Retained (g) % Retained % pass 37. 5mm 0. 00 0. 00% 100. 00% 26. 5mm 0. 00 0. 00% 100. 00% 19mm 13. 0 2. 60% 97. 40% 13. 2mm 14. 70 2. 94% 94. 46% 9. 5mm 1. 00 0. 20% 94. 26% 6. 7mm 13. 90 2. 78% 91. 48% 4. 75mm 17. 30 3. 4 6% 88. 02% 2. 36mm 61. 60 12. 32% 75. 70% 1. 18mm 63. 10 12. 62% 63. 08% 600? m 51. 40 10. 28% 52. 80% 425? m 22. 00 4. 40% 48. 40% 300? m 20. 30 4. 06% 44. 34% 150? m 22. 60 4. 52% 39. 82% 75? m 7. 60 1. 52% 38. 30% move 0. 40 0. 08% 38. 22% SUM = 308. 9 Table 2 Particle size Distribution of the Soil Sample Particle size vs. Percentage super (%) can be viewed in the Appendix section of this report.D_10 N/A D_30 N/A D_60 1. 1 mm Coefficient of Uniformity N/A Coefficient of Curvature N/A Table 3 Particle size function Coefficients As the Particle Size vs. Percentage fling graph was unable to be plotted fully, the values for D_10 and D_30 could not be determined hence not allowing the Coefficient of Uniformity and Curvature to be found. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Liquid Limit) Liquid limit tryout no. turn up 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Tin 12 58 80 61 Number of Blows 7 21 14 28 Mass of slicked Soil and Tin 45. 8 35. 77 39. 32 27. 6 Mass of Dry Soil and Tin 38 28. 4 34. 5 22. 5 Mass of Tin 24. 21 14. 57 26. 31 15. 42 Mass of Moisture 7. 8 7. 37 4. 82 4. 86 Mass of Dry Soil 13. 79 13. 83 8. 19 7. 08 Moisture Content 56. 56% 53. 29% 58. 85% 68. 64% Table 4 Liquid Limit Determination The results obtained in the table 4 (liquid limit determination) above show that after conducting four tests in the lab the number of blows were change quite a lot. The reason behind this was that at the start a greater amount of liquid then required was placed in the soil making it two wet.Then as extra dry soil was added to the sample the number of blows gradually increase allowing for a result acceptable within the 25 + 3 limit was met in test 4 Hence the soil samples LL can be taken as 68. 64%. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Plastic Limit) Plastic Limit Test no. Test 1 Tin 16 Mass of Wet Soil and Tin 37. 06 Mass of Dry Soil and Tin 34. 5 Mass of Tin 23. 94 Mass of Moisture 2. 56 Mass of Dry Soil 10. 56 Moisture Content 24. 24% Avg. Moisture Content 59. 34% Tab le 5 Plastic Limit DeterminationThe above table represents the values calculated and determined results for the plastic limit of the soil in this experiment. This was done by weighing the mass of the soil and tin after it had been rolled into a 3mm diameter rod until it crumbled and then oven dried. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Plastic Index) flavour at the graph attached in the vermiform process B (Number of Blows vs. Moisture Content), the value for the Plastic Limit was unable to be as accurately determined as we would have hoped but using the plastic Index equation below it was found to be 44. %. Plastic Index %= Liquid Limit-Plastic Limit=___________% Plastic Index %= 68. 64-24. 24=44. 4% Linear Shrinkage Determination Mould No. 3 Crumbling of Sample NO Length of Mould 254mm Curling of Sample NO Length of Soil 222mm Cracking of Sample YES Linear Shrinkage 12. 60% * Atterberg Limits Determination (Linear Shrinkage) Table 6 Linear Shrinkage Determination After removing th e mould containing the soil sample after 24 hours from the top of the oven, the linear shrinkage of the soil was heedful using a ruler.The result as shown above in table 6, the soil has shrunk 32mm in length and cracking of the sample has occurred. The same has not crumbled at touch and has not shown any curling effects. The boilersuit linear shrinkage is calculated to be 12. 60%. LS=LsL*100 LS=32254*100=12. 60% Discussion The classification of the Coarse and Fine Grained soil was made according to the Australian Standards as1726 1993. All justification of the results and classifications of the Sieve Analysis and Atterberg Limits have been made through the combination of the assignment and classification tables in the appendix. Coarse Grained Soil As per the Particle size plot in the appendix, the sample is shown to have only coarse grain materials. Consisting of 22% Gravel (7% strength Grain and 15% Fine Grain) and 38% Sand (22% Coarse Grain, 13% Medium Grain and 3% Fine Grain) , indicates that the soil is wide distributed and hence making it a Gravelly SAND. * Fine Grained Soil Using the Atterberg Limits to find the Plastic Limit and Liquid Limit percentages, these were applied to the Plasticity vs. Liquid Limit Chart (AS1726-1993) to determine the classification of the soil sample.As the intersection point is below the A line with a high liquid limit of 68. 64%, the reaction to shaking was low to none and the temper is low, the classification of the soil sample is most believably to be MS-SILT Highly Plastic. Also according to the Australian Standards the color of our soil was Brown mottled red-brown. Since the fine grained soil was cohesion less and free running we can classify the soil as dry. In accordance to the Plasticity vs. Liquid Limit chart the soil is of High Plasticity as the liquid limit was of a value greater than 50%.In addition to the above, the particle size distribution curl is also widely spread so the soil is classified as Well Grad ed. induction In this experiment we used the Sieve analysis and Atterberg Limits tests to investigate the properties of the soil as mentioned in the Australian Standards AS1726 -1993. In addition sample tests were conducted including the liquid limit test (LL), plastic limit test (PL), plastic index test (PI) and linear shrinkage (LS) of the soil sample provided by the administration. All results obtained have been justify and the classifications of the soil made in accordance to the Australian Standards 1726 1993.References Evans R, 2010, HES2155 Geomechanics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC. Appendices Appendix A (Particle Size vs. Percentage Passing Plot) Appendix B (Plot of Number of Blows Vs. Moisture Content) Appendix C (Soil Classification Tables) Table 7 disceptation of Soil Classification Symbols. Table 8 Identification and Classification of Coarse Grained Soil. Table 9 Identification and Classification of Fine Grained Soil. Graph 1 Plasticity Chart vs. Liquid Limit Appendix D (Formulas and Sample Calculations)Geomechanics Lab ReportAim The main intention of this investigation was to determine the various stages of the Atterberg Limits. These included the liquid limit test (LL), plastic limit test (PL), plastic index test (PI) and linear shrinkage (LS) of a soil sample provided by the administration. This was then followed by a sieve analysis to determine the particle size distribution of another soil sample so that a adapted classification in both situations could be made in accordance with the Australian Standards AS1726 1993. Procedure (Sample preperation)On commencement of the experiment, each group was provided with two parts of 500grams of soil retrieved from the field and then oven dried by the experiment supervisor. One part of the soil sample was coarse grain gravel for the particle size distribution chart and sieve analysis, whilst the remaining 500 grams of soil was of fine grained fraction. * Preparation of Coarse Gr ained Fraction During this procedure the mass of 500grams of soil was recorded and soaked in water for duration of 24 hours. This was then followed by placing the soil sample into a 0. 75mm mesh sieve and the entire fine particle was washed away using running tap water and a small spray bottle until the water had started running clear. The sieved sample was then transferred in a tray which was again put into the oven at 100 degrees for 24 hours. * Preparation of Fine Grained Fraction The remainder of the 500 grams of the sample was then sieved through a 0. 425 mm mesh sieve and the contents collected. This procedure was done until approximately 150 to 200grams of material was successfully passing sieve. Procedure (Sieve Analysis)This procedure involved the sieve analysis of the coarse fraction. This involved weighing the mass of the oven dried coarse grained fraction so that we are able to determine the particle size distribution. For this experiment the mass of coarse fraction used was 312. 10 grams. This was then followed by arranging the sieves from top to bottom in order from larger gapped mesh in the sieve to the smaller one (i. e. 37. 5mm to 0. 075mm) and then pouring the sample in the top sieve whilst shaking it for approximately 10 minutes.This provided mechanical energy to the soil allowing for it to pass all the sieve layers. The next procedure involved recording the soil mass that had accumulated on each sieve and the bottom pan. Furthermore the percentage of original mass retained and cumulative passing % vs. particle size plot has been constructed as shown in Appendix A. As shown in the plot it can be noted that the results obtained were not accurate enough for the effective size values of D_10 and D_30 to be calculated. Yet the effective size D_60 was able to be found and was shown to be 1. mm as shown in the particle size vs percentage passing table in appendix A. Due to the fact that all effective size values have not been able to be attained f rom the graph, the uniformity coefficient C_u and the coefficient of curvature C_c were not able to be calculated. Yet if they could be then they would be calculated using these equations Cu=D60D10 Cc=D102D10*D60 where CU=Coefficient of Curvature Cc=Coefficient of Curvature All values recorded have been further discussed in the results section of this report. Procedure (Atterberg Limits determination) * Liquid Limit (LL)The liquid limit test west performed on the fine Sandy soil over the course of two sessions to determine the water content (percentage) at the point when the soil started to behave with liquid qualities. This test procedure involved gradually adding water to a round well created in two thirds of the soil sample on a glass plate. Then using two spatulas the sample was mixed until a smooth paste was formed. This was then followed by placing a small amount of the sample into the liquid limit device and leveling it horizontally using the spatula to create a smooth surfac e.Using the grooving tool the sample in the cup was divided in half. To determine the number of blows the handle of the mechanism was rotated at a speed of two blows per second and the number of blows recorded until the soil closed the groove to a length of 1 cm. It was expected that the number of blows be as close to 25+ or 3 as possible. The group was successful in our fourth attempt where 28 blows were recorded. Once the sample was successful it was removed from the liquid limit cup and placed within a tin and the mass weighed. This was determined to calculate the moisture content percentage.The mixture in the liquid limit range was placed in a 0. 25 meter length mould with a internal diameter of 0. 025 meters and left on top of the oven so that the linear shrinkage could be determined. All values obtained are discussed in the results. * Plastic Limit (PL) To determine the plastic limit (as a percentage), after which the soil could no longer be deformed water was added to the re maining one third of the dry soil on a separate glass plate and molded by hand. Small amounts of the soil were rolled on the flat glass plate until they formed into a diameter of 3 mm and then started to break apart.According to AS12989 it was proved that the soil had reached its plastic limit. This soil was then placed in a tin and similarly to the liquid limit all mass values of the tin and sample were recorded. These were left to dry in the oven. All results obtained the following day have been discussed in the results section. * Linear Shrinkage (%) As instructed, results for the linear shrinkage were collected after duration of 24 hours from the laboratory and the linear shrinkage (in percentage) was calculated using the formula LS=LsL*100 where Ls=Recorded Shrinkage L=Initial Length of SampleIn addition to the linear shrinkage, all dry mass results were also collected from the previous day and recorded as shown in the results section of this report. * Plastic Index Conduction of the plastic limit and linear shrinkage test led to the calculation of the moisture content in percentage and this further allowed us to calculate the plastic index using the formula. Ip=Wl- Wp where Wl=Liquid Limit Wp=Plastic Limit * Classification of Soil After the soil tests have been completed as listed above and results obtained, the soil sample was classified according to the Australian Standards AS1726 1993.To aid in this classification of the soil, table 8 (Identification and Classification of Coarse Grained Soils) and table 9 (Identification and classification of Fine grained Soils) as well as Graph 1 (Plasticity Chart vs. Liquid Limit) have been used and attached in Appendix C. Further criteria such as Plasticity of Fines, Color of Soil, Cohesive strength and Classification Group symbol (Table 7 Soil Classification Symbols) can also be used. Results * Sieve Analysis Determining the Particle size Distribution Tin Mass of Wet soil + Tin 203. 79 Mass of Dry soil + Tin 1 65. 0 Mass of Tin 32. 60 Mass of Moisture 38. 19 Mass of Dry Soil 133. 00 Moisture Content 28. 70 Initisl Mass of Oven Dried Sample 500g Mass of oven Dried Sample retained over 75? m 312. 1g Percentage of Coarse Fraction 37. 58g Mass of Dry sample passing the 75? m 187. 9g Table 1 Soil Sample Preparation Values Total Mass of Sample used for Sieve Analysis = 500 grams Mass of Coarse Fraction of Sample Used for Sieve Analysis AS Apperture Mass Retained (g) % Retained % Passing 37. 5mm 0. 00 0. 00% 100. 00% 26. 5mm 0. 00 0. 00% 100. 00% 19mm 13. 0 2. 60% 97. 40% 13. 2mm 14. 70 2. 94% 94. 46% 9. 5mm 1. 00 0. 20% 94. 26% 6. 7mm 13. 90 2. 78% 91. 48% 4. 75mm 17. 30 3. 46% 88. 02% 2. 36mm 61. 60 12. 32% 75. 70% 1. 18mm 63. 10 12. 62% 63. 08% 600? m 51. 40 10. 28% 52. 80% 425? m 22. 00 4. 40% 48. 40% 300? m 20. 30 4. 06% 44. 34% 150? m 22. 60 4. 52% 39. 82% 75? m 7. 60 1. 52% 38. 30% Pan 0. 40 0. 08% 38. 22% SUM = 308. 9 Table 2 Particle size Distribution of the Soil Sample Particle si ze vs. Percentage Passing (%) can be viewed in the Appendix section of this report.D_10 N/A D_30 N/A D_60 1. 1 mm Coefficient of Uniformity N/A Coefficient of Curvature N/A Table 3 Particle Size Determination Coefficients As the Particle Size vs. Percentage Passing graph was unable to be plotted fully, the values for D_10 and D_30 could not be determined hence not allowing the Coefficient of Uniformity and Curvature to be found. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Liquid Limit) Liquid limit Test no. Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Tin 12 58 80 61 Number of Blows 7 21 14 28 Mass of Wet Soil and Tin 45. 8 35. 77 39. 32 27. 6 Mass of Dry Soil and Tin 38 28. 4 34. 5 22. 5 Mass of Tin 24. 21 14. 57 26. 31 15. 42 Mass of Moisture 7. 8 7. 37 4. 82 4. 86 Mass of Dry Soil 13. 79 13. 83 8. 19 7. 08 Moisture Content 56. 56% 53. 29% 58. 85% 68. 64% Table 4 Liquid Limit Determination The results obtained in the table 4 (liquid limit determination) above show that after conducting four tests in the l ab the number of blows were varied quite a lot. The reason behind this was that at the start a greater amount of liquid then required was placed in the soil making it two wet.Then as extra dry soil was added to the sample the number of blows gradually increased allowing for a result acceptable within the 25 + 3 limit was met in test 4 Hence the soil samples LL can be taken as 68. 64%. * Atterberg Limits Determination (Plastic Limit) Plastic Limit Test no. Test 1 Tin 16 Mass of Wet Soil and Tin 37. 06 Mass of Dry Soil and Tin 34. 5 Mass of Tin 23. 94 Mass of Moisture 2. 56 Mass of Dry Soil 10. 56 Moisture Content 24. 24% Avg. Moisture Content 59. 34% Table 5 Plastic Limit DeterminationThe above table represents the values calculated and determined results for the plastic limit of the soil in this experiment. This was done by weighing the mass of the soil and tin after it had been rolled into a 3mm diameter rod until it crumbled and then oven dried. * Atterberg Limits Determinatio n (Plastic Index) Looking at the graph attached in the appendix B (Number of Blows vs. Moisture Content), the value for the Plastic Limit was unable to be as accurately determined as we would have hoped but using the plastic Index equation below it was found to be 44. %. Plastic Index %= Liquid Limit-Plastic Limit=___________% Plastic Index %= 68. 64-24. 24=44. 4% Linear Shrinkage Determination Mould No. 3 Crumbling of Sample NO Length of Mould 254mm Curling of Sample NO Length of Soil 222mm Cracking of Sample YES Linear Shrinkage 12. 60% * Atterberg Limits Determination (Linear Shrinkage) Table 6 Linear Shrinkage Determination After removing the mould containing the soil sample after 24 hours from the top of the oven, the linear shrinkage of the soil was measured using a ruler.The result as shown above in table 6, the soil has shrunk 32mm in length and cracking of the sample has occurred. The same has not crumbled at touch and has not shown any curling effects. The Overall linear shrinkage is calculated to be 12. 60%. LS=LsL*100 LS=32254*100=12. 60% Discussion The classification of the Coarse and Fine Grained soil was made according to the Australian Standards as1726 1993. All justification of the results and classifications of the Sieve Analysis and Atterberg Limits have been made through the combination of the identification and classification tables in the appendix. Coarse Grained Soil As per the Particle size plot in the appendix, the sample is shown to have only coarse grain materials. Consisting of 22% Gravel (7% Medium Grain and 15% Fine Grain) and 38% Sand (22% Coarse Grain, 13% Medium Grain and 3% Fine Grain), indicates that the soil is widely distributed and hence making it a Gravelly SAND. * Fine Grained Soil Using the Atterberg Limits to find the Plastic Limit and Liquid Limit percentages, these were applied to the Plasticity vs. Liquid Limit Chart (AS1726-1993) to determine the classification of the soil sample.As the intersection point is belo w the A line with a high liquid limit of 68. 64%, the reaction to shaking was low to none and the toughness is low, the classification of the soil sample is most likely to be MS-SILT Highly Plastic. Also according to the Australian Standards the color of our soil was Brown mottled red-brown. Since the fine grained soil was cohesion less and free running we can classify the soil as dry. In accordance to the Plasticity vs. Liquid Limit chart the soil is of High Plasticity as the liquid limit was of a value greater than 50%.In addition to the above, the particle size distribution curve is also widely spread so the soil is classified as Well Graded. Conclusion In this experiment we used the Sieve analysis and Atterberg Limits tests to investigate the properties of the soil as mentioned in the Australian Standards AS1726 -1993. In addition sample tests were conducted including the liquid limit test (LL), plastic limit test (PL), plastic index test (PI) and linear shrinkage (LS) of the so il sample provided by the administration. All results obtained have been justified and the classifications of the soil made in accordance to the Australian Standards 1726 1993.References Evans R, 2010, HES2155 Geomechanics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC. Appendices Appendix A (Particle Size vs. Percentage Passing Plot) Appendix B (Plot of Number of Blows Vs. Moisture Content) Appendix C (Soil Classification Tables) Table 7 List of Soil Classification Symbols. Table 8 Identification and Classification of Coarse Grained Soil. Table 9 Identification and Classification of Fine Grained Soil. Graph 1 Plasticity Chart vs. Liquid Limit Appendix D (Formulas and Sample Calculations)