How Does Atticus Creates an Impact Essay Example for Free

How Does genus genus genus Atticus Creates an Impact EssayThis was greatly influenced by their father, Atticus and the case of Tom Robinson in which Atticus was defending Tom. Atticus was a noble-minded and dignified person in Maycomb. Every ane in Maycomb respects him and he also respects himself. When Atticus was precondition the case of Tom Robinson, because he invariably demands to do what he sees as being right, he has to dispatch Toms case because he sees this as his duty. Although he do its this case was a lost one because of the racial society he lives in where a white persons words always triumph over a black persons words, he still tries his utmost better to defend Tom Robinson. Ive got to live with myself is how he explains his determination to Scout.If he didnt defend Tom, he couldnt hold up his head in town. Because his would have proved that he was as undecomposed as racial as the Maycomb folks. Atticus was the deadest shot in Maycomb County and he was nic knamed One-Shot Finch but he neer boasted about his talent and he certainly disapproves of Scout boasting on his behalf. Despite his many talents, Atticus was a modest man. He never looks down on others despite his achievements, career and education status.He respected people of colour. A perfect example of this was that he lets Calpurnia run his entire household. Atticus was eer criticized and attacked by members of the community of Maycomb before and during the trial but he does non take advantage of his friendly standing to retaliate or rebuke them. He remains clam when he was provoked flat. When bobfloat Ewell spits in Atticus face and Bob Ewell said Too proud to fight? Atticus just replied No, too old. He just wipes his face after Bob Ewell was finished swearing at him and walked absent calmly. This showed that Atticus has more character than Bob Ewell. After that scenario, Atticus thought that Bob Ewell let in all his anger out but this was one of Atticus few mistake s of judgement of character where this shows that he was not perfect, he was human. Atticus treats his children as intelligent individuals, where if they ask him a question, he answers in a sort out matter of fact way and he answers his questions directly.A good example of this was where Scout does not want to go to school because she cannot read in school he clearly explains what it actually is. Do you know what a via media is? he asked. No, an agreement reached by mutual concessions. It works this way, he said. If youll concede the urgency of going to school, well go on reading every night just as we always have. That compromise also shows that Atticus has good parenting skills. Atticus was a very fair person, so in instances of an argument, he listens to both sides of the story and then concludes a verdict.This was told to the reader when Scout was explaining to Uncle Jack why he wasnt fair in dealing with the situation with Scout and Francis Well, in the first place you ne ver stop to gimme a chance to tell you my side of ityou just lit right into me. When Jem an I fuss Atticus doesnt ever just listen to Jems side of it, he hears mine too Atticus has never beaten his children but he firmly scolds them in certain situations. For example when he makes Jem go and read for Mrs Dubose Atticus, she wants me to read to her.Yes sir. She wants me to come every afternoon after school and Saturdays and read to her out specious for two hours. Atticus, do I have to? Certainly, said Atticus. In conclusion, we all, as readers, see that Atticus has an bushel in some way on every person living in Maycomb county either directly or indirectly. Also, we see that Atticus tries his best to grow up his children in the best way thinkable and answer all their questions when asked instead of just delving into another topic.

McCarthys power Essay Example for Free

McCarthys power EssayWe in any case see to it this clearly when the corrupt Putnam ruthlessly and heartlessly kills off his neighbours to buy their land, using his daughter and Tituba as mediums to acc implement people with and feeding c every last(predicate) into their mouths, as he does with the words, Sarah Good? Did you ever see Sarah Good with him (the devil)? Or Osburn? Before his daughter ruth has even take aimted to witchcraft, he spreads the word of witchcraft, cruelly calculating his next move. The words, That is a nonorious sign of witchcraft, a prodigious sign, indicate his joy at the probability to make most money and settle some old grudges. His disregard for his daughters health is yet an another(prenominal) pillow slip of his lack of humanity. Parris is equally selfish and cold. When sceptical Abigail about her dancing in the woods, Parris proceeds to say, I mustiness feel it now, for my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it you must under surviv e I lease many enemies there is a f represention sworn to drive me from my pulpit, corresponding Putnam lacking any concern for Abigail. It is clear that people deal Danforth, Parris and Putnam argonnt in the business of helping Salems decree, as people of their status should be, unless if in furthering their own possessions.Without these individuals keeping order and maintaining andice in the town, all of the old grudges and petty grievances ar allowed to run riot and influence the proceedings in courtroom, as we see when Ann Putnam accuses Rebecca Nurse, arguably the most respected soul in the town, of killing her babies. This is also an specimen of how little scientific knowledge was available at the time, and how eager people were to place blame on other people. diversion from the hardly a(prenominal) individuals with integrity, the likes of keep an eye on, Corrie and Rebecca Nurse, the rest of Salems society will sacrifice others to safeguard their name in the town .When questioned by Hale, Abigail seems to instinctively play the stark child which the audience knows she is definitely not, an example of dramatic chaff. Im a good girl Im a proper girl These words highlight how quick she is to defend herself, and her insecurity about her image and reputation in the village. at one time she is safe, she proceeds to shift blame onto others, like Tituba. She attempt (to make me drink the soup) just now I refused She made me drink blood Abigail realises her word is get under ones skinn everywhere Titubas because of the racial prejudice at the time the play is set in.People like Abigail, Parris and Putnam arent afraid to use this discrimination to their advantage, which totally serves to kill more people, or to ruin their lives. It is ironic that one of the some estimable qualities that are found in the town is the reason that so many people die. Ultimately, people like Hale and Proctor realise that it isnt being seen as a good Christian or let people think you are innocent that matters, but knowing yourself that you are innocent and hold nil to fear. It is this that convinces them that everything should be done to protect your innocence, even giving your life, in Proctors case.People like Proctor and noble-minded Hale are purified by Danforths crucible but for the wrong reasons. While Danforths words, We burn a live(a) fire here it melts down all concealment, would appear to be correct, they are ironic, in that the only course the truth comes out is if innocent people die first These men, along with the many others who are convicted, splutter long and hard with the decision of confession and deceptions versus integrity and righteousness. For others like Rebecca Nurse the choice is already decided, as her words, Let you fear nothing, another sagacity awaits us all, suggest.She is firm in her belief that they will be repaid by God for maintaining their innocence. Johns dilemma is much worse, as he has family and children to worry about, and his name is ruined in the village already, as news of his adultery charges would have circulated. The impact of outpourings like, I lie and sign myself to lies I am not worth the dust of the feet of them that hang, gives you the feeling that he realises the complexity of his situation, and that he is trapped each way. The real problem to him is that he intends it is his fault. Elizabeths last line, He has his goodness now.God forbid I take it from him, lets you know that she understands his choice and she respects and forgives him once again, which is ultimately what he wanted. The society has the ability to let innocent people die, not only because they are loyal to themselves and no one else, but because these people are willing to die for what they believe, or what they want, in Proctors case. There are many other people in the village who try to speak their mind, and do what is morally right, but whose aspirations are crushed by the fence fa ctors, like Parris, Danforth and Abigail.bloody shame Warren is a good example of this, as she hides from her fears, but then confronts them, only to be brought to her knees by the sheer callousness of Abigail. We advise also attribute this to the earlier mention of Danforths interrogation-style hybridisation examining as well, as he repeatedly asks the same question to Mary, Has Mr. Proctor ever threatened you for this de locate? Has he ever threatened you? Has he threatened you? It personifies the inconvenience of the courts legal system, as if Danforth doesnt get the resultant role he wants, you will suffer, whether you are right or wrong.Mary eventually caves in to the pressure, condemning Proctor in the process, although sympathy is felt for her, as all of her weaknesses are ruthlessly exploited by the girls, betraying Mary and leaving her with no other alternative. When Mary goes to court, she feels as if she is on trial and it is her credibility that is questioned, ev en though it is she who is accusing the girls, again linking to Hales earlier comment, Is every defence an attack upon this court? Danforth refuses to question the girls, as if they are found to be guilty, his reputation will be ruined and his judgement will be compromised. rather he turns a blind eye you any damning evidence against the girls, and with the help of Parris, forces people to lie to save themselves, vindicating his decisions in the process. This is revealed when Parris declares, There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning This is ironic, as Parris church is already burning like Hell as a result of his wayward leadership. Outbursts like this not only show the real character behind Parris faiade, but they also serve to highlight the way he and Danforth work against the community, with an attitude that only helps the corrupt. Once Danforth has small the accuser, he provides them with a way out, as he does with Mary, slowly pushing her to conv ict Proctor with suggestions like, It whitethorn well be Mary Warren has been conquered by Satan, practically putting words in her mouth. His despondency becomes much more apparent when he threatens Mary, You will confess or you will hang, another example of his twisted logic and self-serving nature.This pressure to do what is expected draws parallels to the McCarthy era, when Un-American activities were seen as wrong, and the one person who should represent hope, Danforth in the case of The Crucible, is in fact an antagonist in the whole predicament. This pressure again links to fear, but in this case it is fear of authority that reigns supreme, as there are fewer people who have the courage to challenge the decisions made by Danforth, and face the harsh consequences.Any Salemites who give in the court are forced to choose between Danforths and Parris version of right, and the Christian right, which, in a just system, should be the same thing. As the play goes on, the audiences antipathy for Parris grows, as they see him twisting the words of others and deceitfulness in court to protect himself, hardly the actions people expect of a priest. A prime example of dramatic irony is witnessed as the audience can see straight through Parris false exterior, as he desperately tries to cover up anything that could point to his knowledge of the girls just dancin in the woods.Few Salemites have any knowledge of his ulterior motives, or that anything he does or says is purely for his own well being, and the behavior in which he projects himself is a far cry from his real character. Parris attempts to use theology to secure his position in the good books of Danforth and the community, often referring to the Bible during the proceedings in court. He leads most of the society to believe that he is trying to help them and, by lulling them into a false sense of security, he then seizes the opportunity to rid the town of anyone he believes is a threat to himself, or his po sition.Utilising his status and reputation, he preaches, You should surely know that Cain were an upright man, and yet he did kill Abel, in an attempt to have Proctor convicted. No court can provide unbiased or uncorrupted justice if its own minister is trying to have the defendant killed. His words, The devil lives on such confidences Without confidences there would be no conspiracy, are ironic but true, as it is he who as kept much greater secrets, and it is he is the devil of Salem. In this metre he is accusing someone who contrasts greatly with him, Giles Corey.Miller uses Corey to sustain humour to the play, but he also stands alongside Proctor and Rebecca Nurse as one of the main symbols of integrity and righteousness. Although he is revealed as a nai ve, slightly puzzled man, he isnt afraid to speak his mind, albeit with some harsh consequences like his wifes death. Unlike Parris, he values his friends, which eventually leads to his death. His response to the choice of betr aying his friend or dying is admirable, his integrity clear as he replies, I stand mute. The audience feels a great deal of sympathy and admiration not only for Corey, but also Proctor and Rebecca Nurse who set a great example that, few others follow. There is immense injustice, as the only people who die are innocent, and they are the privileged few who have integrity. Although he cant stop the proceedings in the court, Hale disassociates himself from the fraudulent proceedings in the Salem court, with the statement, I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court, ruining his reputation in the process.His efforts to correct Danforths judgement are brought to a halt, often by Danforth himself who quips, I will have nothing from you Mr. Hale This again highlights the stubbornness of Danforth, as he refuses to listen to anyone The structure of the play is quite regimented, as there endlessly appears to be a glimmer of hope in each act, but the end of every act ends with chaos. This shows that the situation could never be resolved, as the paranoia and hysteria undermined any efforts to do this. In reality, it was the Salem society that was the devil, as Proctor declares, A fire, a fire is burningI hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face And it is my face, and yours Danforth This again shows the humbleness of Proctor, as he has the integrity to face up to his shortcomings, while Danforth would prefer to hide, frantically trying to drown out Proctors words with his own, with the frenetic cry, Take him (Proctor) and Corey with him to the lock This is another illustration of Danforths cowardice, and his inability to confront his flaws. Proctors earlier quote, God is dead also serves to show the disorder in the justice system.The people who should represent God, like Parris and Danforth, are now the devils. We see further irony when Danforth states, I will not deal in lies, in a bid to obtain Proctors confession, when in fact, every pardon or conviction was based on a lie. No one can be sure if Danforth believed he was right in doing what he did, but it is obvious that he wasnt right. In contrast, it is more obvious that Parris had a hidden agenda. However, both were responsible for the deaths of innocent people, although it seems that this was the only thing that could bring their reign to an end.One of the reasons Miller wrote this play was to denounce McCarthyism, and the end again draws parallels to this period, as the whole saga only came to an end when someone took a stand against the state. There were very few people who were willing to stand up for their beliefs, not only in Salem, but also during the McCarthy era, which is understandable given the consequences. . Miller projects other figures as unlikely heroes, everyday people like Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey and John Proctor, who have the courage and integrity to admit to their faults, and die for their beliefs.In this era, with the town steeped in anger, vengeance and d espair, these individuals stand alone making their achievements even greater. Once a stand had been taken however, the repercussions suffered by the corrupt leaders of these eras were also similar. Danforths power over the unexclusive diminished rapidly and Parris walked the highroad, and was never seen again. McCarthys power ceased as well, highlighting again, that a few individuals with a moral sense can make a difference, one way or the other.

The Bluetooth SIG and specifications Essay Example for Free

The Bluetooth SIG and specifications EssayIf the success of Bluetooth is measured by its initial interest alone then its prominence has already been assured. Before products were on sale, hundreds of companies joined the Bluetooth peculiar(a) Interest Group (SIG) and the Bluetooth brand became recognized worldwide. Before investigating the technology further it is appropriate to home runalize about the role played by the SIG, the administrative structure of which is outlined in Figure 3. With rank of the SIG nearing 2500 members it is only right to look at how the SIG works to promote, shape and define the specification and position Bluetooth in the market place. Positioning of the technology is important when you consider new(prenominal) wireless technologies that share the same philosophy band, e. g. IEEE802. 11b, HomeRF and DECT. Differentiation is key in avoiding confusion of potential users. Figure 3 Bluetooth SIG Administrative Structure In 1994, Ericsson Mobile Commun ications began to examine alternatives to cables linking accessories with their mobile phones. This study produced the initial specification for wireless technology, with the Bluetooth SIG founded in February 1998 by the core promotersEricsson Mobile Communications AB. Intel Corp. IBM Corp. Toshiba Corp. Nokia Mobile Phones. The core promoters announced the global SIG in May 1998 and invited other companies to join as Bluetooth adopters. In July 1999 the core promoters published version 1. 0 of the specification and further enlarge the core promoter group in December 1998 with the inclusion of ? Microsoft ? Lucent (now Agere) ? 3Com. ? Motorola. The responsibility for the various Bluetooth specifications is in the hands of the individual technical working groups.Once a specification reaches a version take 0. 5 it is made visible to associate members. An associate members must be recommended by a promoter, and turn over a fee. When a specification reaches version 1. 0 it gets a hi gher level of visibility. Now adopters use up visibility and any company can become an adopter by joining the SIG, signing and submitting the rank agreement (see Bluetooth). The Bluetooth specifications are open specifications for wireless communications that are free to download and use nevertheless to use it royalty free you do have to join the SIG.By joining the group you sign up to an adopters agreement sharing any patents essential for implementing Bluetooth. The specifications define minimum functionality allowing devices from unalike companies to communicate (see Bluetooth). . They provide the following o Protocol definitions for interoperability o Host controller interface o Bearer services for higher layer protocols o Profiles o Qualification o Production assay o Brand book The Bluetooth specifications define the concept of a Personal sports stadium Network (PAN), what they do not provide helps to position it in the ISM band.It is not focussed on Wide Area Networking ( WAN) as it has a limited range and currently there is no hand over mechanism, though there is a working group. They do not provide implementation instructions at the employment programming interfaces, user interfaces or a definition of hardware and software split. Although it could be argued there is centering in the profiles specification. The rest of this section breaks down the specifications encompassing the key aspects of Bluetooth in order to explain the features (see Bluetooth).

National Kidney Foundation Essay Example for Free

National Kidney Foundation EssayToday November 16, 2012, I had an interview with quayage Merone who is the division chair soulfulness in southern California and Nevada of the National Kidney Foundation. We discussed a variety of issues regarding problems, solutions, and aw arness of the lack of organ donors and kidney diseases in California. One of the problems that we addressed during the interview was how California has a cargo hold magnetic dip of 7 eld equal to the national level which is exclusively 4 years nowadays. According to Pier Merone, the reason why the wait list is longer in California than either other states wait list is because California has a higher population than other states as well as affecting groups much(prenominal)(prenominal) as elderly flock and ethnic groups such as Hispanics and African Americans. Some contributing factors complicate social economic status, financial problems, family history, and wellness care issues.I asked Pier Merone how the organization is currently addressing the health problem regarding the lack of organ donors and she explained that the National Kidney Foundation is trying to complete their program which is c wholeed end the wait. In the end the wait program, they are trying to gain living donors to donate their organs because when a person dies, it is sometimes hard to save the organs in time unless the person is in a lethargy at the hospital or right next to surgeons before they die.Although a person may be on top of the wait list, they may not make priority. The wait list works by first come first serve but, it also depends on the donors and recipients age, breed type, etc. For example, if an older person is up next on the wait list as a recipient but, the only available kidney donor is from a young person, that kidney will likely go to the next best young age appropriate recipient. This situation works vice versa. According to Pier Merone, she mentions that by doing this they can mat ch the life with the same age so an older person wouldnt receive a younger persons kidney because if they only suffer about 10 years left to live, it wouldnt be reasonable to give it to them ( individualised communication, November 16, 2012).Besides going to local fairs, churches, charities events, clinics, and more to set ahead awareness of proper health care of kidney, the National Kidney Foundation also has two current programs which they are able to address these health problems. Pier Merone mentions that the first one is called the kidney health danger assessments which is also fill in as KHRA and basically this gives people who mightve the risk of kidney disease and its for the general public and they do pre-screening tests which consists of taking the patients blood pressure, measure height and weight also known as BMI, and giving a 10 questions survey to help determine the person is at risk (P. Merone, personal communication, November 16, 2012). Another current program i s called the Keep Program which is known as the Kidney Early Evaluation program. In this program Merone stated it is a full on screening test which consist of a blood pressure test, BMI, blood test, and a urine test (personal communication, November 16, 2012). These programs are for people who are uninsured, dont quality for Medicare, low income families.On my next question, I asked what type of barriers the National Kidney Foundation currently have regarding to addressing these problems and Pier Merone mentions that one of the greatest barriers would be awareness (personal communication, November 16, 2012) because physicians today arent caring for it and arent promoting these issues such as chronic kidney diseases to their patients nor educating them of how to prevent them. As for my next question, I asked Merone what type of goals do the NKF are expecting to check out regarding reducing or eliminating these health problems and she explained to me that there are many people today who are at risk which not only is caused by families history but, could also be other health factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and more. Merone mentions to me that one of their goals is to bring out more awareness to people who are uneducated and have no clue that they are currently at risk regarding a kidney disease because the only people who are using their resources are only sick or affected people and they want to embroider their groups of people to become more awareness of how serious this epidemic issue is (personal communication, November 16, 2012).According to Merone, as of today there are currently 1 out of 3 people who are at risk to kidney diseases. Many of these serious stage 5 affected people would have to be put on a kidney dialysis as many of them are hoping to receive a donor that matches them. As Merone mention to me that if individual who is between the ages of 45-50 years old, they would only live for about 8 more years just with a kidney dialysis. Howeve r, with someone who is age 45-50 years and has a successful transplant can live another 22 years if they do the transplant before a dialysis.The last question I asked Merone was if there were any changes to their program in the future to better address what would it be? According to Merone she would like to not only see more funding because the NKF funding are basically done by individual donations, sponsors, corporations, and really few grants from the government. Merone also stated a new change they are trying to do is protrude a voluntary program called ambassadors. This program will consist of college students who will be going to all type of grade schools from middle to university, businesses, and more and promote the awareness of lack of organ donors and kidney diseases. We would need an array to promote and address these problems to the general public, the more people we have the more people will know (P. Merone, personal communication, November 16, 2012).

Hewlett-Packard Case Study Essay Example for Free

Hewlett-Packard Case psychoanalyze EssayCarly Fiorina was hired in Hewlett-Packard as Chairwoman, CEO and President of Hewlett-Packard in 1999 but before that, she realise recognition being one of the most powerful women in America. Her career in H-P was a conspiracy of ups and down leaving the ships company with a lot more controversy. Carly Fiorinas performance at HP caught the attentions of the mountain in America and the world.Was CEO Carly Fiorina an example of internal or external succession at H-P and why?Carly Fiorinas appointment in Hewlett-Packard is an example of external succession because she was not a causation H-P employee or member of the board her expertise and renowned popularity made the H-P Board to hire her service. Specifically, her achievements at lucent and ATT impressed the executives of H-P, which at that clip was at a point of downslide (Boldman Deal, p. 111), who thought that Fiorina could bring drastic execute and new leadership to shake th ings up (ibid).Describe the changes made at Hewlett-Packard under CEO Fiorina.Carly Fiorina simply was really smart and an innovator as evident in her achievements in her former companies. However, her true capacity was tested in Hewlett-Packard that left her torn-apart caused by the consequences of the massive scale she imposed on H-P. She succeeded in almost agencys and failed in some aspects.Nevertheless, Fiorina made three changes in HP in her six-year term that greatly affected the HP culture according to Craig (2008). First, she redirected the spending of the company from nurturing employees to financial performance (Craig) that resulted to growth in earnings and revenues during her term. Secondly, she changed the reward system given to employees from profit-sharing to an incentive program. The last change she made was restructuring the whole company by merging similar units to one resulting to having only four units from the original 84 units. Reduction of littler indepe ndent businesses of HP resulted to job losses of some employees but improved the communication and internal traffic of the company.Likewise, the merging of Hewlett-Packard and Compaq causedFiorinas strategy brought more negative consequences than positive ones. Though she got what she expected, but the fact that people were hurt by her aggressive action they all retaliated against her. Unbelievably, only during her term that HP experienced so umteen job losses and employee apprehensions. These changes damaged the company as employee dissatisfaction grew further until 2005 and the stock reduced by half while its competitors such as Dell and IBM continued soaring high.What is your opinion of what ultimately happened to her at HP, as illustrated by the second article?Fiorina lost her credibility at HP which was contrary to her anterior achievements she made prior to her appointment at HP. I think she was overwhelmed by the shining glory of her achievements during that time that she promoted herself rather than the companys future. She failed to understand what the company really needed instead she went on her way without fully analyzing what correct actions to take.Basically, she relied to herself totally that she never noticed the cultural forces that raged against her. She lost her focus as many turned into opposition to her figures in the first place, she never got to the heart of the problem of HP that she misunderstood many of the remarks and words of expectation she received at the time she was appointed at HP.How would you describe the most fresh succession that occurred at H-P?External succession with Fiorina was the first attempt made by the company and I think that experience gave them a great lesson to ponder on because the succession brought chaos to the company, which was opposite to what they expected. HP was quite stable though some downslides occurred already when Fiorina was hired in 1999. Fiorina was appointed as prexy in order to enhance further its competitiveness in the market but her leadership style did not meet the expected changes that she promised to them.In the first place, HP became irrational by associating the success of Fiorina at ATT and Lucent to Hewlett-Packard. It failed to see competent and able leaders within the company who could replace the parting person. acquiring the right person for a very sensitive position must be done with care. monastic and Wagner suggested that in line with succession, it is important that a company create a succession plan that incorporates all(prenominal) level of the organization (2008, p. 174). The succession plan will guide the company in cases like Fiorina. finishingIn the case of Carly Fiorina in HP, it is appropriate to assume that succession must be according to the plan and besides the company must set a ruling regarding succession. Fiorina could be the right person in HP but the lack of clear vision and orientation of the culture and expectation of the comp any she veritable her own approaches that only harmed the people in the company.

Business ethics Essay Example for Free

Business morals EssayIn the past there have been some(prenominal) cases in the line of credit environment related to the practices of accountants and auditors who have violated the trust and confidence of public. A get of researches have been conducted to find the potential elements resulting in un honourable, colorful or inappropriate decision making and intellects by the lords. The aim of this paper is to review two academic articles and conclude on the reliability of the claims and assertions made by the authors.The research paper of Pflugrath, Martinov-Bennie ump Chen (2007) aims to analyze the impact of organizational codes of ethics on the accountants and auditors judgments and professional decisions making skills. The research is conducted on a sample of 112 professional accountants and auditing students and resulted in indicating that the codes of ethics positively regularize the judgments of professional accountants but does non affect the students judgments.O n the other hand, the paper by Shafer, Morrid ump Ketchand (2001) is establish on the research of the professional auditors and the impact of their in the flesh(predicate)ised values on their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. The survey concluded that personal values do not affect the ethical considerations and judgments of professional auditors. However, the knowledge and the arrest of moral extravagance have an impact on the judgments abilities of the professional accountants.Pfflugrath, Martinov-Bennie ump Chen (2007) conducted the study basing their interchange on the new International Standard on Quality Controls 1s (ISQC1) requirements for all organizations and accounting firms to implement policies and regulations which hold the ethical and technical indep remainderence of the professional accountants. The presence of a code of ethics appears to have a significant influence on the quality audit judgments of professional accountants (Pfflugrath, Martinov-Ben nie ump Chen, 2007).In terms of aggressive client preferences, the code of ethics whitethorn help in better judgment by the professional auditors and accountants. In contrast Shafer, Morrid ump Ketchand (2001) suggest that in case of clients pressure on aggressive pecuniary reporting, auditors ethical behavior influenced by economic or useful considerations. Shafer et. al. , (2001) suggest that strong organizational norms should result in the standardization of behaviors. In this regard, the results of Pflugrath et. al.(2007) may be judged as fairly consistent that organizational codes of ethics may help in ethical decision making of employees and professionals in auditing and accounting fields. Unitary codes of ethics may help in standardization for the accounting and auditing professionals and may result in similar findings for the similar scenarios or situations that prevail in different companies or businesses. Pflugrath et. al. (2007) gives arguments which be more persuasive and compatible with the existing literature.The research methodology of both the papers brooks reasonable self-reliance of the validity of their judgments, however, Shafer et. al. , (2001) has weakness of the homogeneity of the values of the sample which is the major portion of the participants used for the research. The results, hence, may not reliable for the diversified population of todays business environment where people with different personal values and social norms are working together. For such a diversified population in the business environment we may rely on the results of Pflugrath et.al study which indicates the code of ethics may end up affecting the professional judgment positively. Moreover, the respondents in Shafer et. als study had not graduated. Also, virtually of the respondents have almost 20 years experience in public accounting. People with similar personal values, as stated by the Shafers study may choose similar fields. Hence, the results produced are biased and rely upon the majority of people with similar values. Both journals provide a wide number of studies to support their arguments.The supporting details of every argument belong to reliable sources and articles. The arguments in Shafer et. als survey, however, provide the insight of impacts of personal values in different fields. The conclusion is not as straightforward as in the research of Pflugrath et. al. The study of Shafer et. al. (2001) leaves enough space for the reader to judge if the personal values or organizational norm affect ethical judgments and decision makings of accountants and auditors.Whereas, Pflugrath et. al.provide much evident information on the sympathy and in support of auditors and accountants. Moreover, unlike Shafer et. al. s study, Pflugrath et. al included much research and literature in support of their conclusion rather than providing the contrary information.Concisely, the journals under review provide a depth summary of the two factors that may affect ethical judgment and decision making of accountant and auditors. The first factor is the presence or absence of codes of ethics and the second is the impact of personal values and norms in ethical decisions makings of professionals.The dilemma of lack of ethical decision making which has abandoned the public confidence and trust is qualified on the codes of ethics which are being set and exercised within the business environment and the perceptions of moral intensity which affect the judgments of the auditors. There are other determinants, as discussed by the articles, like clients pressure and personal bet which may affect the quality of judgments and decision making in the fields of accounting and auditing but it is not right to ignore the 2 factors being discussed.Ethical judgment, hence, depends on the exercise of codes of ethics which provide familiarity to the auditors and accountants to work in the best interest of the business and not at the discretion of the clients orders. Moreover, such codes of ethics, if exercised appropriate may affect the values of auditors and accountants leading to the better and more independent of the financial data of the business under review.

Ikea History and Swot Essay Example for Free

Ikea cut iny and Swot EssayHistoryIngvar Kamprad, IKEAs founder, has a very intriguing and impressive life story. Kamprad was a very intelligent young Swedish boy who quickly turned into the 5th wealthiest man in the world. His net worth is now $4.2 billion. At a very early age Kamprad get weavinged his selling knowledge. When he was just 5 familys old he would buy matches in bulk at a cheap inject in Stockholm and re-sell them around his neighborhood at modest prices, entirely profuse to make a hefty profit. Kamprads selling continued and dined from flowers to greeting cards to pencils and pens end-to-end the 1920s. As Kamprads business skills change magnitude he began studying the retail prices of diametrical power points in Sweden.He recognized that furniture prices had increase by 41% in 1935 and realized how profitable this atomic number 18a of retailing could be. In 1943, at age 17 Kamprad received money from his father for his successful studies and used the money to frame a business. IKEA was then formed, standing for Ingvar Kamprads initials (I.K.) and the first letter of the farm he lived on, Elmtaryd (E) and the first letter of the resolution he lived in, Agunnard (A.) Kamprad created his furniture line in 1948 aiming for furniture that would be affordably priced. He began only selling his furniture through magazine advertisements.In 1953 the first showway airfoiled in Almhult Sweden. This was the first time consumers could physically see and feel the IKEA furniture before ordering them. 3 age later the posit for compressed packs and self- hookup furniture gave rise one of IKEAs co-workers had to remove the legs of a table to fit into their car without prejudicious the surroundings. (IKEA Official Page) In 1958 the first IKEA strain was opened in Almhult Sweden. It was the macroscopicst furniture gunstock in S drive outdinavia at the time with 6,700 squ ar meters.Two years after the scuttle the store Kamprad introduce d the first IKEA eatery which was located inside the furniture store kinding. Kamprad expanded his store outside of Sweden in 1963 by start an IKEA store in Norway. Within ten years IKEA stores were being opened outside of Scandinavian countries and expanding into 3 more continents (IKEA Official Webpage.) One of the intimately recent expansions was into the Dominican Republic in 2010. IKEA is in the exhibit of opening new stores and developing the most innovative furniture products of today.Store steadsAfter IKEA opened in Sweden in 1958, it quickly moved into other Scandinavian countries opening stores in Norway in 1963 and in Denmark in 1969. Throughout the 1970s IKEA rapidly spread through Europe. The first store outside of Scandinavia opened in Switzerland and quickly after IKEA do its presence in Germany. In 1975 IKEA arrived in Australia and opened its first store in Sydney. Throughout the 1970s IKEA also opened stores in Japan, Hong Kong, The Netherlands and Singapore. Germany has IKEAs biggest market with 46 stores in the country. Following Germany is the joined States with 38 stores across the country. As of right now, IKEA has non appe atomic number 18d in developing countries, but is still planning for more spheric expansion (Countries.) IKEA group has continued growing every year and is now a jumbo retail experience with over 123,000 co-workers. IKEAs employees help generate yearly sales of more than 21.5 billion dollars.The stores postures are placed strategically. The location is near major roads, freeways and public transportation. Although the stores are not normally placed in densely populated areas, IKEA is still successful and reaps high dealing due to the Huff Gravity model. Since IKEA stores are so large and carry a total course of products, community are resulting to travel a further distance to their stores. The largest IKEA store is in Stockholm, Sweden with a size of 55,200 square meters and following behind it is the Shanghai, China store with a size of 49,400 square meters (IKEA) In 2011 IKEA announced a plan to build a wind farm in Sweden to help IKEA grasp its ecological goal of running on 100 percent renewable energy.The next year IKEA made another announcement about the company creating a chain of 100 economy hotels in Europe. However, these IKEA hotels will not follow the same IKEA brand name and will not be furnished with IKEAs furniture. The list below contains the country and number of IKEA stores present in the country, ranked in order of their opening dates Sweden (17), Norway (6), Denmark (5), Switzerland (7), Germany (46), Japan (5), Australia (7), Canada (12), Hong Kong (3), Austria (6), Singapore (2), The Netherlands (12), Spain (15), Iceland (1), France (28), Saudi Arabia (3), Belgium (6), Kuwait (1), United States (38), United Kingdom (18), Italy (20), Hungary (2), Poland (8), Czech Republic (5), United Arab Emirates (2), Slovakia (1), Taiwan (4), Finland (4), Malaysia (1), Rus sia (14), Israel (2), Greece (4), Portugal (3), Greece (5), Portugal (3), Brazil (3), Turkey (5), Romania (1), Cyprus (1), Ireland (1), Dominican Republic (1), Brazil (1), Bulgaria (1) and Thailand (1).Target MarketIKEA strives to agree a wide stigma market, wanting stack around the world of all different demographics and psychographics to purchase IKEA products. IKEA defines its global tail market as young people of all ages including individuals, families, shape exteriors, and hospitality businesses like hotels. IKEAs target audience implicates but is not limited to age groups of 18 to 34 and 35 to 49 years old. IKEA focuses on college and post graduate aged individuals. IKEAs target market contains both sexes. IKEAs target market ordinaryly lives in urban college and metropolitan areas. The salaries of the target market can range from $15,000 to $50,000 and are usually spending their money on technology products (such as iPhones and iPads.).IKEAs target audience engages in a quick paced life mode that may include travelling and moving often, for example moving from flat tire to apartment or to an upgraded home. Due to this mover lifestyle they are normally cyphering for a cheap, easy to build product that can be packed tightly. Because of their median income, the consumer is not very status conscientious and is not look toing for expensive designer furniture. The shoppers personalities are relaxed and/or creative and artistic.They are considerably fashionable and search for trends, but love to get deals simultaneously. They want to do things themselves (which follows closely with IKEAs do it yourself product attitude) and reverence about the environment (Rowe.) IKEA also focuses on budget conscious families. This target market is beginning to start a more domestic lifestyle. The families usually have young children. To satisfy this target market most IKEA stores include a daycare or child-watch section for the children inside the stores. Although this target audience is in a different stage in their life, they still hold similar habits and lifestyle as the previously describe target audience (Rowe.)Product AssortmentIKEA is a retailer of home furnishings. You can induce anything you look at for every room in your house at IKEA. From the IKEA gloweringicial website, their departments include Bathroom Living roomBedroom Office furnitureCooking OutdoorDecoration Secondary storageDining nonaged storageEating Textiles rugsHallway Youth roomKitchen Childrens IKEALaundry IKEA FAMILY productsLighting (IKEA Official Webpage) IKEA sells items ranging in these categories and they even provide nodes with the service to help them create their own kitchen, closets and office with IKEA products. Their kitchen services include replete(p) Project Management, Delivery, Installation and more. Their individual kitchen planning start at $199 and their measuring service start at $49. In IKEA retail locations, they also have IKEA Food. The y have a restaurant where they sell their own mix of Swedish food, located inside the IKEA retail store.Customers can sit downward(a) in a cafeteria style dining and enjoy IKEAs famous Swedish meatballs and Lingonberry drink at amazingly low prices. In IKEA, in that location is also a Bistro/Exit Caf right at the checkout where they sell typical American food, ranging from 75 cents to $4, such as hot dogs, chips, soda, frozen yogurt and more. IKEA also has their own grocery store section where they sell Swedish food.The IKEA official website states that the IKEA Swedish Food is based on Swedish recipes and traditions, the wide choice of food and drink runs from frozen meatballs to sweets and coffee. Youll save time and money whether youre making a meal for your whole family or putting together the menu for a party (IKEA). Their food categories include Beverages, Easy to prepare, Meat, fish seafood, Pastries, desserts cookies, Sweets, chocolates snacks and Swedish celebrations . The last category has food items such as Swedish Christmas drink, discontinue pie, Rhubarb crumble tart, and frozen Saffron rolls.SWOT AnalysisStrengths* Low prices IKEA has a strong thought based on offering a wide range of tumefy, designed, functional products at low prices. They have created a design that is a balance among function, look, design and price which appeals to customers in tough fiscal times. Their pricing strategy appeals to consumers both with limited financial resources and those with higher budgets searching for trendy, modern furniture. Due to gatekeepers generic strategies, IKEA follows an integrated cost leadership and differentiation strategy. * Products ease of assembly IKEA products come with clear instructions making it easy for anyone to assemble the product without the help of a professional.* Location and design of store (the IKEA store experience) IKEA locations are successful because of the Huff Gravity Model due to the large size of IKEA, pe ople are willing to go the upstage locations where IKEAs are located. IKEAs store design is very unique. The layout is designed in such a way that makes customers go through the entire store to get to their final purchase. A lot of customers go to IKEA for its unusual experience. * Global positioning IKEA is available throughout the world and they cater their products to each country they go into. For example, they redesign the size of the beds for the different countries.American consumers need larger sized bedding differentiating from the European consumers who had smaller, longer beds. * Reputation for products and company IKEA customers enjoy the modern look of IKEA products because the target market consists of creative individuals searching for trendy products. IKEAs brand is ranked globally at number 28 and ranked number 1 for sustainable image by Ranking the Brands Overview (Brand Ranking.) * handsome catalogue reach IKEAs yearly catalogue reaches several countries and easi ly advertises IKEA products to those customers. Their catalogue is distributed in 36 countries, in 27 languages and in 52 different versions.Weaknesses* Product quality IKEA has been known for having poor quality products. But the need for low cost products means there has to be a compromise between quality and price. * Poor customer service Because of IKEAs do it yourself model and very straight forwards instructions eliminates the need for a help desk and intensive customer service. Customer service is important to view complete shopping experience and ensure repeat business. * Massive store growth- IKEA is experiencing problems in a equalize of their home markets. One example is the UK is expanding the number of IKEA store locations but the number of shoppers is not increasing.This means that there is a constant number of visitors divided by a larger number of retail outlets producing less shoppers per store. In the chivalric consumers would travel large distances to visit s tores and each store a had a large number of visitors, now the amount of consumers purchasing IKEA products has not increased in numbers but they are able to visit a more local store. These new store locations reduce the footfall per store and sales density (SWOT Analysis IKEA.)Opportunities* Financial condition Because of the current financial condition, consumers are trading down from expensive stores to the low priced products offered at IKEA. * IKEA website IKEA has an opportunity to grow through expanding their online shopping. IKEA website only has a few items you can purchase and IKEA will ship it to your house or you can pick it up at an IKEA location near you. IKEA could expand their online product offerings and services to increase product sales.* Smaller stores IKEA store locations are distant and large and they can force back advantage of opening smaller stores in more dense locations where people can buy small home products or buy their Swedish food. IKEA must only ope n these new store locations in places where the number of customers is increasing, to avoid a reduction in footfall per store like the UK market.* More stores in the U.S. IKEA currently has only 38 stores across the country and they could possibly expand this market due to the high percentage of sales the United States gives IKEA. * Capitalize their Green efforts IKEA can capitalise on their GREEN efforts. Customers desire to have less of an impact on the environment and due to the increased demand for cheaper and greener products, IKEA can take advantage of this and develop these products that the market wants. * Bonus/rewards services IKEA can put up bonus/rewards services to increase customer satisfaction as well as increase customer loyalty.Threats* Product quality IKEA products are poorly made and people are willing to spend the wasted buck to buy a product of better quality that will last for years. * Competitors More competitors are entering the low price household and fur nishing markets increasing the competition IKEA will have to face. * When the economy strengthens- The street corner slows down consumer spending and disposable income reduces. However when the economy strengthens, consumers will be willing to purchase furniture products at a higher price in order to get better quality. IKEA needs to find a way to stay profitable when the economy takes this turn. progression StrategyIKEA promotes their retail through tralatitious advert such as TV commercials, a yearly print catalogue as well as utilizing new ways of advertising such as social media and guerrilla market. In the past IKEAs television commercials were characterized as funny and crazy often stating the slogan they are crazy these Swedes. This contention referred to the crazy low prices IKEA products were offered for. They would also often have a Swedish guy driving a yellow buggy loaded with IKEA boxes. Presently, IKEA commercials are more simple and modern. The new commercials fo cus on families in a household setting using IKEA products. These commercials continue with the humorous appeal, but only focus on a few IKEA items, to ensure the customers are more focused on the substance of the commercial. IKEA utilizes social media by holding contests on websites such as Facebook.When they were opening their new IKEA Malmo store in 2009, they created a Facebook conjure where a showroom picture was uploaded to their Facebook profile and the first people to tag an item won that item (How To? From IKEA). Through the speed of social media, IKEA was able to get their customers to personally promote IKEA. IKEA also has held several contests throughout the years. They have contests such as Whats your story?, The Life Improvement Project, Dream Kitchen game show and several more.They really enjoy promoting their products by getting their customers involved. IKEA uses customer interaction in many of their progression strategies. IKEA also has a yearly catalogue that ca n be sent to your homes or picked up at a local IKEA location. IKEAs yearly catalogue takes up a large part of their selling budget because the catalogue is used as a main channel for communication around the world. IKEAs catalogue is distributed in 36 countries, in 27 languages and in 52 different versions. The catalogues distributed in different countries have the same Scandinavian names but differ in their product offerings which are highlighted on separate pages (Gustafson).IKEA caters to the different countries where they distribute their catalogues by trying to incorporate the different cultures into their catalogue. On top of displace paper catalogues around town, IKEA likes to go out of their way to show IKEA products in their normal settings but in extraordinary locations utilizing the concept of guerrilla marketing. This usually occurs when IKEA is opening new stores. Examples of IKEAs guerilla marketing include redecorating bus stations with IKEA furniture, redoing a su bway bus with IKEA furniture and mounting IKEA furniture off the side of buildings. They make it as extreme as possible because they want to draw in peoples attention and make them stop and have a look.To promote their store in Tampa, IKEA produced their take on a message in a bottle by placing an IKEA playroom inside a giant plastic bottle. In Japan, IKEA transformed a gingko tree-lined boulevard in Tokyos shopping district of Aoyama into an open-air museum. They had fifteen box-like structures the size of typical Japanese rooms which were fitted out IKEA furnishings (Capell). IKEA alters their advertising to the match the different cultures and environment for each country, but continues to enforce their unusual extreme promotions to reach a large amount of people and hold their attention. .Works CitedCapell, Kerry. Ikeas New Plan for Japan. BusinessWeek. N.p., 25 Apr. 2006. Web. http//www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-04-25/ikeas-new-plan-for-japan.Facts Figures. IKEA. N.p.. Web . 21 Feb 2013. http//www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/facts_and_figures/facts_figures.html.Gustafson, Martin, and Eric Jonsson. Influence of Culture and National Image on Marketing A Study of IKEAs Promotion in Sweden and France. (2008) n. pag. Web. http//umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2158758.History . IKEA offical webpage. N.p.. Web. 21 Feb 2013. http//www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/the_ikea_way/history/index.html.How To? From IKEA. IGK Marketing RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. http//igkmarketing.com/ikea/.IKEA. Advertisement. IKEA. N.p., n.d. Web.http//www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/categories/departments/cooking/16260/.IKEA. Countries with IKEA Stores. N.p.. Web. 21 Feb 2013. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_with_IKEA_stores. Marketing Teacher. SWOT Analysis IKEA . Marketing Teacher Ltd 2000. Web. 25 Feb 2013. http//www.marketingteacher.com/swot/ikea-swot.html.Rowe, C.. Scribd. IKEA Marketing Plan. N.p.. Web. 21 Feb 2013. http//www.scribd.com/doc/6501 4303/IKEAMarketingPlan.ADD BRAND RANKING WORKS CITED